January 2026 in “Immunological Reviews” Females generally have stronger immune responses than males due to the X chromosome.
130 citations
,
November 2017 in “Frontiers in Immunology” The conclusion is that Treg-targeted therapies have potential, but more knowledge of Treg biology is needed for effective treatments, including for cancer.
Understanding hair follicle signaling can improve hair disorder treatments.
4 citations
,
February 2014 in “Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology” Early diagnosis of hair tourniquet syndrome saved a baby's toe from being lost.
January 2025 in “SKIN The Journal of Cutaneous Medicine” Calcipotriol's effectiveness for treating alopecia areata is unclear and needs more research.
610 citations
,
April 2014 in “Nature Reviews Immunology” The document concludes that understanding how the skin's immune system and inflammation work is complex and requires more research to improve treatments for skin diseases.
306 citations
,
April 2019 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” The skin has a complex immune system that is essential for protection and healing, requiring more research for better wound treatment.
188 citations
,
March 2018 in “Frontiers in Immunology” Regulatory T-cells are important for healing and regenerating tissues in various organs by controlling immune responses and aiding stem cells.
78 citations
,
June 2021 in “Dermatology and Therapy” Future acne treatments should aggressively target inflammation to prevent scarring.
43 citations
,
January 2011 in “Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery” Stem cells have great potential for improving wound healing, but more research is needed to find the best types and ways to use them.
34 citations
,
August 2002 in “British Journal of Dermatology” ALA-PDT is effective and safe for chronic X-ray dermatitis, providing complete or partial remission.
34 citations
,
October 2011 in “Pathology Research International” Behçet's Disease may be caused by genetic and environmental factors leading to abnormal immune responses, and stress management and new treatments could improve patient outcomes.
29 citations
,
June 2018 in “Scientific Reports” 15-lipoxygenase helps keep skin healthy by reducing inflammation.
28 citations
,
March 2016 in “Toxicologic pathology” Dogs could be good models for studying human hair growth and hair loss.
17 citations
,
April 2007 in “Kidney international” Vitamin D boosts a specific gene activity in kidney cells that could improve heart and kidney function.
11 citations
,
July 2014 in “Gene” The S250C variant in a gene may cause autoimmunity and immunodeficiency by impairing protein function.
9 citations
,
May 2023 in “Inflammation Research” New small molecule drugs show promise in treating complex skin diseases but need more safety research.
5 citations
,
September 2018 in “Acta histochemica” The mTOR pathway proteins are altered in the hair follicles of patients with Lichen Planopilaris and Frontal Fibrosing Alopecia.
4 citations
,
May 2025 in “Frontiers in Immunology” JAK inhibitors effectively and safely treat alopecia areata with few serious side effects.
3 citations
,
January 2019 in “Jikken doubutsu ihou/Jikken doubutsu/Experimental animals/Jikken Dobutsu” Pigs without the Hairless gene showed skin and thymus changes, useful for studying human hair disorders.
1 citations
,
October 2024 in “Journal of Clinical Immunology” Vaccines work well in Netherton syndrome patients, similar to healthy people.
1 citations
,
June 2021 in “Journal of dermatology and dermatitis” Tyrosine kinase inhibitors show promise in treating some skin diseases but their definitive role in dermatology is still unclear.
1 citations
,
April 2018 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” Oral tofacitinib significantly improves lichen planopilaris symptoms without adverse effects.
March 2026 in “Frontiers in Immunology” Regulatory T cells help heal skin wounds by reducing inflammation and promoting tissue repair.
Dupilumab may cause hair loss, so patients should be monitored.
September 2024 in “Cureus” Removing breast implants resolved the patient's symptoms.
April 2024 in “BMB Reports” Lack of Cisd2 disrupts calcium balance in cells, leading to poorly functioning neutrophils.
April 2024 in “Cell death and differentiation” Cell death shapes skin stem cell environments, affecting inflammation, repair, and cancer.
April 2018 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” Samcyprone ointment is effective for treating common warts if a sensitization reaction occurs first.
February 2016 in “The journal of allergy and clinical immunology/Journal of allergy and clinical immunology/The journal of allergy and clinical immunology” A new TP63 mutation was found in a baby with EEC syndrome, showing the need for TREC testing to check for immune issues.