April 2023 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Booster shots of mRNA vaccines for COVID-19 increased protective antibodies without worsening autoimmune skin conditions in patients.
January 2026 in “Experimental Dermatology” Skin-resident memory T cells may contribute to chronic alopecia areata and baricitinib could be a potential treatment.
127 citations
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July 2002 in “EMBO journal” Normal skin cell renewal doesn't need RAR signaling, but vitamin A-related skin thickening does.
1 citations
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June 2025 in “Frontiers in Immunology” Higher IgE levels may play a role in alopecia areata, especially in males, children, and severe cases.
9 citations
,
January 2018 in “Acta dermato-venereologica” A substance called poly(I:C) increases a protein called carbonic anhydrase II in skin cells, which might help with skin defense and healing.
86 citations
,
December 2002 in “Tissue Antigens” A specific gene change is linked to severe hair loss.
3 citations
,
May 2009 in “Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition” Consider infectious diseases like visceral leishmaniasis before diagnosing autoimmune hepatitis.
May 2015 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” Treatment with biologic agents can significantly improve psoriasis symptoms, and blood biomarkers could potentially predict individual patient's response to treatment.
30 citations
,
April 2007 in “Journal of Leukocyte Biology” Blocking CD44 can reduce leukocyte migration in autoimmune skin diseases.
2 citations
,
November 2004 in “Blood” RXRa is crucial for Th2 immune cell development and may link nutrition to immune health.
April 2018 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Hydroxychloroquine may cause false results in tuberculosis tests for patients with autoimmune skin diseases.
September 2011 in “Urology” The IPP index is linked to storage symptoms and leftover urine, and may help manage urinary tract symptoms.
61 citations
,
April 2014 in “Radiation Research” RTA 408 cream protects mice from radiation skin damage.
October 2025 in “Frontiers in Medicine” Ixekizumab has known and some unexpected side effects.
8 citations
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February 2019 in “Scientific Reports” Immunofluorescence tomography is a cost-effective method for creating detailed 3-D images of tissues.
Excluding alopecia and mucous membrane components from the CLASI-A score reduces its effectiveness in capturing important disease activity.
March 2013 in “Hair transplant forum international” Inflammation linked to the immune response may play a role in causing various types of hair loss.
November 2025 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Ritlecitinib effectively treats severe Alopecia Areata by reducing harmful immune activity in the skin.
October 2024 in “Benha Medical Journal” Patients with Alopecia Areata have higher levels of certain inflammatory markers.
March 2025 in “Clinical and Experimental Dermatology” Older patients without prior JAK inhibitor treatment respond best to tofacitinib for alopecia areata.
54 citations
,
May 2019 in “Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders” Azathioprine can help with relapses and disability in NMOSD but has more side effects and needs more research.
40 citations
,
March 2019 in “Nature Communications” CRAC channels are crucial for the development and function of specialized immune cells, preventing severe inflammation and autoimmune diseases.
July 2024 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”
September 2017 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” The study found that sweat glands normally suppress immune responses, but this is disrupted in certain skin diseases, possibly contributing to their development.
7 citations
,
February 2015 in “Journal of comparative pathology” CD8+ T cells play a key role in graft-versus-host disease in certain mice models.
28 citations
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January 2005 in “PubMed” Topical immunomodulators are effective and safe for treating immune-related skin conditions.
84 citations
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October 2007 in “The Journal of Immunology” Myeloid-derived suppressor cells help control autoimmune cells and promote hair regrowth in alopecia areata.
July 2024 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” OR101 may effectively treat atopic dermatitis and similar skin conditions.
June 2015 in “The American journal of dermatopathology/American journal of dermatopathology” The study found that a one-step antibody method is better than the LSAB method for accurately studying hair follicle structures without false positives.
13 citations
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August 2017 in “Journal of Cellular Physiology” PD‐L1 and PD‐L2 may not effectively control immune activation in alopecia areata.