12 citations
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August 2020 in “JEADV. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology/Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology” Azathioprine is the most continued treatment for chronic alopecia areata over a year, often with added low-dose prednisolone.
22 citations
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March 1999 in “International Journal of Clinical Practice” Diphencyprone (DCP) is an effective treatment for severe alopecia areata and resistant warts, with some risks.
6 citations
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June 2009 in “Clinical and Experimental Dermatology” Topical tacrolimus reduces certain growth factors in hair follicles.
5 citations
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June 2019 in “British Journal of Dermatology” Tofacitinib was more effective than apremilast in treating hair loss in a mouse model of alopecia areata.
3 citations
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March 2021 in “JAAD case reports” Switching from adalimumab to ixekizumab improved a patient's psoriasis and reversed hair whitening.
October 2025 in “The American Journal of Gastroenterology” Infliximab can cause SAPHO syndrome, which may improve with Spesolimab and methotrexate.
2 citations
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November 1996 in “Transplantation” Injecting recipient splenocytes into donors' thymus can prevent graft-versus-host disease.
11 citations
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October 2001 in “Dermatologic Clinics” The document concludes that DAB389-IL2 is promising for treating refractory cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, but more research is needed on its effectiveness and side effect management.
April 2023 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” The research developed methods to test drugs that could protect and restore hair follicle protection in a hair loss condition.
January 2026 in “Vestnik dermatologii i venerologii” Tacrolimus ointment is effective for various skin conditions but needs more research for long-term effects.
54 citations
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May 2019 in “Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders” Azathioprine can help with relapses and disability in NMOSD but has more side effects and needs more research.
1 citations
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January 2025 in “Dermatologic Therapy” Immune checkpoint inhibitors can increase the risk of autoimmune skin diseases, especially bullous pemphigoid.
116 citations
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October 1982 in “The Journal of Pathology” Cyclosporin A is highly toxic to rats, causing severe health issues and death.
5 citations
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May 2024 in “Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Global” Upadacitinib effectively improved severe atopic dermatitis and alopecia universalis in a 29-year-old man.
July 2022 in “British Journal of Dermatology” January 2013 in “프로그램북(구 초록집)” Systemic agents like cyclosporine, methotrexate, and acitretin help manage psoriasis but have significant side effects.
80 citations
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January 1995 in “The Nephron journals/Nephron journals” The treatment was effective for lupus nephritis with manageable side effects.
January 2026 in “Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine” Regulatory T cells and mesenchymal stem cells work together to prevent immune system overreactions and tissue damage.
April 2023 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” PX-12 may help treat psoriasis by blocking inflammation and cell death.
1 citations
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April 2018 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Simvastatin helps hair regrowth in autoimmune alopecia by directly affecting T cells.
5 citations
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May 2015 in “The Journal of Dermatology” Topical corticosteroids can help treat severe alopecia areata when other treatments fail.
January 2016 in “Vojnosanitetski Pregled” Some treatments for inflammatory bowel disease can cause skin problems like rashes and melanoma.
37 citations
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October 2017 in “Clinical and Experimental Dermatology” Oral tofacitinib shows promise in treating atopic dermatitis and alopecia areata, but only slight improvement in vitiligo.
18 citations
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March 1990 in “Archives of Dermatology” Cyclosporine cleared a woman's resistant skin condition quickly and kept it away for over a year.
16 citations
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January 2013 in “Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology & Nutrition” Azathioprine caused side effects in over half of the Korean pediatric inflammatory bowel disease patients, requiring close monitoring.
40 citations
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August 2010 in “Archives of dermatology” A 5-year-old boy's skin condition improved with systemic valganciclovir after a cardiac transplant and immunosuppressive therapy.
March 2016 in “Reactions Weekly” A woman experienced hair loss, nail changes, bone marrow suppression, and low blood protein after taking azathioprine.
15 citations
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January 2022 in “Immune Network/Immune network” New targeted immunotherapies are improving treatment for inflammatory skin diseases.
2 citations
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October 2019 in “Nanomedicine” Pharmaceutical care in transplantation faces challenges but has promising future opportunities for better outcomes.
14 citations
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November 2016 in “Lupus” Lenalidomide effectively and safely treats skin symptoms in pediatric lupus, reducing the need for prednisone.