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GlossaryInactivated Vaccine

uses killed pathogens to stimulate immune response safely

An inactivated vaccine, also known as a killed vaccine, is a type of vaccine created by using viruses or bacteria that have been killed or inactivated so they cannot cause disease. These vaccines stimulate the immune system to recognize and fight the pathogen without the risk of causing the illness itself. Examples include the polio vaccine and the hepatitis A vaccine.

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Inactivated COVID-19 Vaccine Induces a Low Humoral Immune Response in a Subset of Dermatological Patients Receiving Immunosuppressants

research Inactivated COVID-19 Vaccine Induces a Low Humoral Immune Response in a Subset of Dermatological Patients Receiving Immunosuppressants

12 citations , December 2021 in “Frontiers in Medicine”

Some patients on immunosuppressants had a weaker immune response to the Sinovac-CoronaVac COVID-19 vaccine.

research Improved humoral immunity and protection against influenza virus infection with a 3D porous biomaterial vaccine

December 2022 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)”

The new vaccine platform led to a stronger immune response and better protection against the flu than the traditional vaccine.

Safety and Efficacy of the COVID-19 Vaccine in Children and Adolescents: A Meta-Analysis

research Safety and efficacy of the COVID-19 vaccine in children and/or adolescents:A meta-analysis

15 citations , January 2022 in “Journal of Infection”

COVID-19 vaccines are safe and highly effective for children, with inactivated vaccines being slightly better.

research Feline Calicivirus: A comprehensive review

June 2025 in “Basrah Journal of veterinary Research”

Vaccination and hygiene are key to preventing Feline Calicivirus in cats.

research A case of alopecia areata after rabies vaccination: unreported adverse effect?

January 2024 in “Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research”

Rabies vaccine might cause hair loss due to immune issues.

research THE COVID- 19 VACCINATION: AUTOIMMUNE PHENOMENON ALOPECIA AREATA

October 2022 in “International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science”

COVID-19 vaccines may cause hair loss in people who are genetically prone to it.

Vaccines Against SARS-CoV-2 in Psoriasis Patients on Immunosuppressive Therapy: Implications of Vaccination Nationwide Campaign on Clinical Practice in Italy

research Vaccines Against SARS-CoV-2 in Psoriasis Patients on Immunosuppressive Therapy: Implications of Vaccination Nationwide Campaign on Clinical Practice in Italy

7 citations , September 2021 in “Dermatology and Therapy”

Vaccination is crucial for psoriasis patients on immunosuppressive therapy to manage COVID-19 risks.

research Investigating the Return Possibility of Covid-19 Mutated Strains and Role of Vaccination in Present and Future

November 2022 in “Journal of Pharmaceutical Negative Results”

Vaccination is crucial for managing Covid-19 despite new virus strains.

Androgenetic Alopecia May Be Associated With Weaker COVID-19 T-Cell Immune Response: An Insight Into a Potential COVID-19 Vaccine Booster

research Androgenetic alopecia may be associated with weaker COVID-19 T-cell immune response: An insight into a potential COVID-19 vaccine booster

9 citations , November 2020 in “Medical Hypotheses”

Hair loss may link to weaker COVID-19 immunity, suggesting possible need for extra vaccine boost.

research Case Report: Pityriasis Rosea-Like Eruption Following COVID-19 Vaccination

23 citations , September 2021 in “Frontiers in Medicine”

A rare skin rash after COVID-19 vaccination shouldn't stop future vaccinations.

research Improved Humoral Immunity and Protection against Influenza Virus Infection with a 3d Porous Biomaterial Vaccine

3 citations , September 2023 in “Advanced science”

A new vaccine using a porous scaffold boosts immunity and protects against the flu better than traditional methods.

research Could Vaccination against COVID-19 Trigger Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases?

4 citations , August 2024 in “Journal of Clinical Medicine”

COVID-19 mRNA vaccines may increase the risk of flare-ups in certain inflammatory diseases.

research Cutaneous Adverse Drug Reactions (CADRs) to COVID19 vaccines: A case series

3 citations , January 2023 in “Indian Dermatology Online Journal”

COVID-19 vaccines can cause mild to moderate skin reactions, mostly after the first dose.

How Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccination Affects the Level of Vitamin D in Serum and Hair

research How coronavirus disease 2019 vaccination affect the level of vitamin D in serum and hair?

January 2025 in “Egyptian Journal of Dermatology and Venerology”

COVID-19 vaccination may lower vitamin D levels and cause hair loss.

research SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in androgen sensitive phenotypes – A study on associated factors for SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and its adverse effects among androgenetic alopecia and benign prostate hyperplasia patients

September 2022 in “Frontiers in Immunology”

Anti-androgen therapy may boost immunity but increases injection site pain in vaccinated patients.

A Case Series and Literature Review of Telogen Effluvium and Alopecia Universalis After the Administration of a Heterologous COVID-19 Vaccine Scheme

research A Case Series and Literature Review of Telogen Effluvium and Alopecia Universalis after the Administration of a Heterologous COVID-19 Vaccine Scheme

2 citations , February 2023 in “Vaccines”

Some people experienced hair loss after COVID-19 vaccination, but it's very rare and vaccines' benefits are greater than this risk.

research Inverse micellar sugar glass (IMSG) nanoparticles for transfollicular vaccination

38 citations , March 2015 in “Journal of controlled release”

IMSG nanoparticles improve vaccine delivery and immune response through hair follicles.

research Alopecia areata following COVID-19 vaccine: a systematic review

8 citations , July 2024 in “European journal of medical research”

Alopecia areata after COVID-19 vaccination is rare but important to recognize for timely treatment.

research Therapeutic applications and pharmacoeconomics of microneedle technology

24 citations , June 2018 in “Expert Review of Pharmacoeconomics & Outcomes Research”

Microneedle technology is beneficial for drug delivery and could make vaccinations cheaper and more accessible.

research Two years of SARS-CoV-2 infection (2019–2021): structural biology, vaccination, and current global situation

12 citations , January 2022 in “The Egyptian Journal of Internal Medicine”

Continued vaccine and drug development is crucial due to new virus variants and regional infection spikes.

research Severe hair loss induced by anthrax vaccine and reversed by the treatment with zinc

4 citations , April 2004 in “Medical veritas”

Zinc can reverse hair loss caused by the anthrax vaccine.

research Viruses, Variants, and Vaccines: How COVID-19 Has Changed the Way We Look at Skin

1 citations , October 2022 in “Current Dermatology Reports”

COVID-19 and vaccines cause various skin reactions and highlight the need for dermatologists in managing these issues and addressing vaccine distribution disparities.

research Nanoparticle-Based Targeting of Vaccine Compounds to Skin Antigen-Presenting Cells By Hair Follicles and their Transport in Mice

119 citations , December 2008 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

Nanoparticles can deliver vaccines through hair follicles, triggering immune responses and providing protection.

research Vaccines, adjuvants and autoimmunity

248 citations , August 2015 in “Pharmacological Research”

Vaccines are generally safe, but rare autoimmune reactions can occur, often influenced by genetics.

research Side Effects of COVID-19 Vaccination Among Medical Students in Bangladesh: A Cross-Sectional Study

November 2025 in “Cureus”

COVID-19 vaccines caused mostly mild side effects in Bangladeshi medical students, with fewer issues after more doses.

Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infection or COVID-19 Vaccination Effect for Severe Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in a 6-Year-Old Girl: Case Report and Review of the Literature

research Asymptomatic SARS-COV2 Infection or COVID-19 vaccination effect for severe multisystem inflammatory syndrome in a 6-year-old girl: case report and review of the literature

September 2024 in “The Italian Journal of Pediatrics/Italian journal of pediatrics”

COVID-19 vaccination may be linked to MIS-C in children, highlighting the need for quick diagnosis and treatment.

research Hair Follicle Targeting with Nanoparticles

5 citations , September 2012 in “Springer eBooks”

Nanoparticles can be used to deliver drugs to hair follicles, potentially improving treatments for conditions like acne and alopecia, and could also be used for vaccine delivery and gene therapy.