159 citations
,
July 2006 in “Endocrine Reviews” Estrogens significantly influence hair growth by interacting with receptors in hair follicles and may help regulate the hair growth cycle.
130 citations
,
June 2003 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings” Estrogen Receptor ß (ERß) is the main hormone controller in human skin and hair follicles, not Estrogen Receptor α (ERα) or the Androgen Receptor (AR).
113 citations
,
April 1999 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Cyproterone acetate-estrogen most effective for hirsutism, but consider side effects and patient needs.
93 citations
,
June 2001 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Certain genetic variations in the AR and ERβ genes can affect androgen levels in women.
75 citations
,
June 1999 in “Pediatric Clinics of North America” The document concludes that early recognition and treatment of PCOS in adolescents is crucial for managing symptoms and long-term health risks.
50 citations
,
May 2004 in “Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft” Estrogens generally inhibit hair growth and improve skin quality, but their exact effects on hair follicles are complex and not fully understood.
25 citations
,
November 2013 in “PLoS ONE” Estrogen and androgen signals control synaptic changes in rat brains.
23 citations
,
April 1999 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” All treatments reduce hair growth; low dose flutamide most effective with fewer side effects.
18 citations
,
August 2012 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” Estrogen therapy helped regrow hair in a bald man.
14 citations
,
December 2010 in “Seminars in Oncology” Rare adrenal cancers that secrete androgens or estrogens have a poor prognosis and are treated primarily with surgery.
13 citations
,
December 2012 in “Frontiers in bioscience” Vitamin D and estrogen may help protect heart and kidney health, and maintaining sufficient vitamin D levels could be especially beneficial for African Americans, postmenopausal women, and people with chronic kidney disease.
3 citations
,
February 2019 in “Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology” The effects of estrogen on human scalp hair growth are unclear and need more research.
January 2024 in “Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science” Procyanidin B2 and leucopelargonidin from Saraca asoca may help treat PCOS by balancing hormones.
August 2013 in “Fertility and Sterility” PCOS may be influenced by factors in the blood, not just the ovaries.
August 2009 in “International Journal of Dermatology” A postmenopausal woman's facial redness, acne, and excess hair were caused by too much hormone therapy for insomnia, but improved after stopping the treatment.
July 2021 in “Archives of Dermatological Research” Alopecia patients have less GPER-1, which might affect hair loss.
9 citations
,
March 2020 in “Gene” Certain gene variants in estrogen receptors are linked to polycystic ovary syndrome, mainly affecting metabolism, in Tunisian women.
9 citations
,
January 2016 in “Skin Pharmacology and Physiology” The study concluded that both estrogen and androgen receptors, which decrease with age, are linked to skin aging and may be hormonally regulated.
417 citations
,
February 2004 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Testosterone therapy increases bone density in older men with low testosterone levels.
31 citations
,
July 2004 in “Molecular Medicine” Certain defective glucocorticoid receptor mutants move faster inside cell nuclei and work less effectively.
29 citations
,
March 2011 in “The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry” Eating isoflavone can help mice grow hair by increasing a growth factor.
26 citations
,
February 2009 in “Drug Development Research” 17α-estradiol is a safe estrogen that might protect the brain and doesn't cause feminization, needing more research for treating brain diseases.
24 citations
,
March 2011 in “British Journal of Dermatology” Men with hair loss have more DNA changes in back-of-head hair follicles, possibly protecting them from thinning.
20 citations
,
December 2013 in “Journal of Dermatology” UV-B light increases inflammation-related substances in acne-related skin cells.
11 citations
,
May 2015 in “Stem Cells Translational Medicine” Megestrol acetate helps fat-derived stem cells grow, move, and turn into fat cells through a specific receptor.
7 citations
,
April 2014 in “Cell biology international” Melatonin treatment helps improve skin health in postmenopausal rats.
4 citations
,
November 2016 in “Archives of Endocrinology and Metabolism” Insulin resistance is linked to larger thyroid volume in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome.
86 citations
,
August 2011 in “Toxicological sciences” TCDD speeds up skin barrier formation by increasing certain gene expressions.
12 citations
,
September 2012 in “Alcohol and Alcoholism” Alcohol in teen years leads to more adult drinking, finasteride doesn't help.
June 2006 in “American Journal of Epidemiology” Higher BMI is linked to a lower risk of non-aggressive prostate cancer and a higher risk of aggressive prostate cancer.