88 citations
,
September 2003 in “Clinical endocrinology” Hormone treatment for transsexual individuals is effective but carries risks like thromboembolic events and mood changes, with most side effects being minor and reversible.
21 citations
,
January 1991 in “Dermatology” Men with male pattern hair loss have different levels of certain hormones compared to men without hair loss.
11 citations
,
August 2000 in “Journal of Endocrinology” DHEA acts like a male hormone on rat skin glands and doesn't turn into female hormones there.
2 citations
,
January 2017 in “Endocrinology” Testosterone and its metabolites have varied effects on different body systems, especially during puberty.
December 2017 in “Springer eBooks” Transplant patients often get skin problems, with treatments varying by condition.
88 citations
,
June 2016 in “Human Reproduction Update” New hormonal contraceptives are safer, have fewer side effects, and offer health benefits for women.
June 2006 in “Annales de Dermatologie et de Vénéréologie” Tranexamic acid effectively reduced swelling episodes in a girl with a rare form of hereditary angioneurotic edema.
187 citations
,
December 2005 in “Experimental Dermatology” Estrogens can improve skin aging but carry risks; more research is needed on safer treatments.
67 citations
,
January 2007 in “Climacteric” Estrogens and SERMs can help with skin aging, but their safety and effectiveness need more research.
November 2022 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Estrogen deficiency can reduce the enzyme activity needed to activate vitamin D.
9 citations
,
January 2014 in “Medical Hypotheses” Higher DHT in male baldness may protect against prostate cancer.
120 citations
,
October 2007 in “Clinical Interventions in Aging” Estrogens help reduce skin aging, and SERMs might offer similar benefits without the risks of hormone therapy.
3 citations
,
December 2011 in “Pediatric Dermatology” The patient's long-term hair loss was caused by leukemia treatments and low estrogen levels, worsened by her genetic tendency for hair loss.
1 citations
,
January 1986 in “Journal of Steroid Biochemistry” Women with excessive hair growth or polycystic ovary disease may more often carry a gene variant for 21 hydroxylase deficiency.
44 citations
,
March 2004 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” The effects of estrogen on human hair growth are unclear and need more research.
8 citations
,
January 1998 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Topical estrogen treatments did not change hair growth in certain mouse strains, questioning previous findings on their role in hair growth control.
4 citations
,
March 2017 in “Development” Estrogen is important for keeping adult mouse nipple skin healthy by controlling certain cell signals.
90 citations
,
February 2013 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Women with PCOS have more body fat and thicker fat layers in certain abdominal areas than women without PCOS.
51 citations
,
January 1989 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Men with male-pattern baldness have more androgen receptors in their scalp's oil glands, which may contribute to hair loss.
24 citations
,
January 1989 in “Archives of biochemistry and biophysics” Male rats have androgen receptors in their liver, which are different from proteins that bind estrogen.
17 citations
,
December 2008 in “Dermatology” Taking metformin with intense-pulsed-light therapy improves hair removal for people with PCOS.
16 citations
,
January 2012 in “European Journal of Endocrinology” The study suggests certain ACE gene variations are more common in women with PCOS and may be linked to increased insulin resistance.
14 citations
,
December 2017 in “Journal of Bone and Mineral Metabolism” Women with polycystic ovary syndrome have a higher risk of certain fractures.
14 citations
,
January 2001 in “Clinical chemistry” Hair can be used to measure cancer-related chemicals noninvasively.
12 citations
,
October 2004 in “Experimental Gerontology” Changes in testosterone and estrogen receptor genes can affect how men age, influencing body fat, hair patterns, and possibly leading to skin disorders.
January 2026 in “Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience” Neurosteroids like neuro-estrogen and neuro-androgen are crucial for brain function and can improve cognition and protect against aging-related decline.
February 2024 in “Hormones” Future hormone therapy trials should match the diverse needs and priorities of the gender-diverse community.
January 2019 in “ISGE series” Estrogen helps prevent artery plaque by stopping monocyte capture in blood vessels.
December 2014 in “Bali Medical Journal” Females have higher estrogen receptor levels in hair than males, and these levels decrease in white hair compared to black hair.
9 citations
,
January 2018 in “American Journal of Men's Health” Finasteride use can cause lasting negative effects like sexual dysfunction, depression, anxiety, and cognitive issues.