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GlossaryIntracellular Calcium

concentration of calcium ions within a cell

Intracellular calcium refers to the concentration of calcium ions (Ca2+) within a cell. It plays a crucial role in various cellular processes, including muscle contraction, neurotransmitter release, and cell signaling. The levels of intracellular calcium are tightly regulated by cellular mechanisms, such as calcium channels, pumps, and storage in organelles like the endoplasmic reticulum.

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research The Parathyroid Hormone Second Receptor PTH2R and its Ligand Tuberoinfundibular Peptide of 39 Residues TIP39 Regulate Intracellular Calcium and Influence Keratinocyte Differentiation

24 citations , March 2016 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

TIP39 and PTH2R help control calcium levels and skin cell development.

research Intracellular Calcium Mobilization in Response to Ion Channel Regulators via a Calcium-Induced Calcium Release Mechanism

19 citations , December 2016 in “The journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics/The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics”

Certain drugs increase calcium levels in cancer cells by triggering internal calcium release.

research Cyclic ADP-Ribose Modulates Intracellular Calcium Homeostasis and Anagen-Associated Signaling Pathways in Human Hair Follicle Dermal Papilla Cells

January 2026 in “Applied Sciences”

Cyclic ADP-ribose helps regulate calcium and signals that promote hair growth in hair follicle cells.

research 1442 Neurotransmitter signaling specify sweat gland stem cell fate through intracellular calcium regulation

April 2023 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

PRP can improve hair growth in people with hair loss, but more research is needed.

research Calcium blockers protect against sensory epithelial damage and hearing loss in Cx26-cKO mice

November 2025 in “Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy”

Calcium blockers may help prevent hearing loss by protecting hair cells.

research 5α-reduced progestogens ameliorate mood-related behavioral pathology, neurotoxicity, and microgliosis associated with exposure to HIV-1 Tat

47 citations , January 2016 in “Brain Behavior and Immunity”

5α-reduced progestogens may reduce mood issues and brain damage linked to HIV-1 Tat.

research ProjectH: a collaborative quantitative study of computer-mediated communication

18 citations , April 1998 in “MIT Press eBooks”

DMG-Na may improve blood flow and help hair growth without side effects.

research OR2AT4, an Ectopic Olfactory Receptor, Suppresses Oxidative Stress-Induced Senescence in Human Keratinocytes

6 citations , November 2022 in “Antioxidants”

OR2AT4 helps reduce aging and cell damage in human skin cells.

research The investigation of minoxidil-induced [Ca²⁺]_irises and non-Ca²⁺-triggered cell death in PC3 human prostate cancer cells

6 citations , June 2016 in “Journal of receptor and signal transduction research”

Minoxidil increases calcium levels and kills prostate cancer cells independently of calcium.

research Fibroblast bioelectric signaling drives hair growth

3 citations , August 2025 in “Cell”

Fibroblast bioelectric signaling can promote hair growth and may help treat hair loss.

research A ‘hot’ new twist to hair biology – involvement of vanilloid receptor‐1 signaling in human hair growth control

2 citations , September 2004 in “Experimental Dermatology”

VR1 signaling can inhibit hair growth by affecting cell processes and increasing hair growth inhibitors.

research 780 Novel mechanism of UVB-mediated pigmentation through the axis of ATP-P2X7

April 2019 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

Scientists discovered a new way UVB light increases skin pigmentation through the ATP-P2X7 pathway.

Nicotinic Acid Suppresses Sebaceous Lipid Synthesis of Human Sebocytes via Activating Hydroxycarboxylic Acid Receptor 2 (HCA2)

research 1317 Nicotinic acid suppresses sebaceous lipid synthesis of human sebocytes via activating hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 2 (HCA2)

April 2018 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

Nicotinic acid reduces excessive oil production in skin cells by activating a specific receptor, which could help treat acne.

research Faculty Opinions recommendation of Local positive feedback regulation determines cell shape in root hair cells.

March 2008 in “Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature”

Local positive feedback helps shape root hair cells by stabilizing growth sites.

research 丹蒽醌對人類惡性黑色素瘤細胞株(A375.S2)誘發細胞週期停滯及細胞凋亡之影響

January 2008 in “中山醫學大學醫學研究所學位論文”

Danthron from Rhubarb causes melanoma cells to stop growing and die.

research Activation of TRPV3 Inhibits Lipogenesis and Stimulates Production of Inflammatory Mediators in Human Sebocytes—A Putative Contributor to Dry Skin Dermatoses

26 citations , August 2018 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

Activating TRPV3 reduces skin oil production and increases inflammation, potentially causing dry skin issues.

research In search of decoding the syntax of the bioelements in human hair – A critical overview

9 citations , April 2018 in “Journal of trace elements in medicine and biology”

Hair analysis can show nutritional status and environmental exposure, with phosphorus being very stable in hair and differences found based on gender and conditions like depression and autism.

research Mechanism of action of minoxidil in the treatment of androgenetic alopecia is likely mediated by mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate synthase-induced stem cell differentiation.

6 citations , February 2018 in “PubMed”

Minoxidil helps hair growth by promoting stem cell differentiation through increased ATP synthase activity.

research Necl2 regulates epidermal adhesion and wound repair

35 citations , September 2009 in “Development”

Necl2 affects skin cell behavior and slows wound healing.

research Calcium regulation of stem cells

25 citations , May 2020 in “EMBO reports”

Calcium is important for stem cell function and maintenance, especially in blood and skin cells.

research 17β-Estradiol Increases APE1/Ref-1 Secretion in Vascular Endothelial Cells and Ovariectomized Mice: Involvement of Calcium-Dependent Exosome Pathway

9 citations , August 2021 in “Biomedicines”

17β-estradiol boosts APE1/Ref-1 secretion in cells and mice via a calcium-dependent pathway.

research G2 stem cells orchestrate time-directed, long-range coordination of calcium signaling during skin epidermal regeneration

4 citations , October 2021 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)”

G2 stem cells control calcium signaling for skin regeneration.

research Distribution of G-actin is Related to Root Hair Growth of Wheat

25 citations , May 2006 in “Annals of Botany”

Root hair growth in wheat needs a specific G-actin gradient and high Ca2+ concentration at the tips.

research Detection of Functionally Active Melanocortin Receptors and Evidence for an Immunoregulatory Activity of α-Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone in Human Dermal Papilla Cells

60 citations , August 2005 in “Endocrinology”

αMSH may help regulate immune responses in hair follicles and its disruption could lead to hair loss.

research Key Factors in the Complex and Coordinated Network of Skin Keratinization: Their Significance and Involvement in Common Skin Conditions

2 citations , December 2023 in “International journal of molecular sciences”

Understanding keratinization is crucial for treating skin conditions like ichthyoses and psoriasis.

Ca2+ Mediated Protein Citrullination Regulates Proliferation in the Regenerating and Malignant CNS

research Ca ²⁺ -mediated protein citrullination regulates proliferation in the regenerating and malignant CNS

January 2026

Ca²⁺-mediated protein citrullination controls cell growth in the CNS and may help treat brain tumors.

research A histochemical examination of the epidermis of the southern elephant seal (Mirounga leonina L.) during the telogen stage of hair growth

8 citations , February 1968 in “Australian Journal of Zoology”

The southern elephant seal's skin layer helps waterproof the skin by being tightly connected to hair shafts.

research Vitamin D‐dependent rickets type I and type II

57 citations , August 1997 in “Pediatrics International”

VDDR I and II are genetic disorders affecting vitamin D use, causing rickets, with VDDR I treatable by vitamin D supplements and VDDR II needing high doses and calcium.

research Topically applied N,N-Dimethylglycine Sodium Salt Enhances Human Skin Blood Flow by Inducing Endothelial Nitric Oxide Release

May 2024 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

Applying DMG-Na to the skin increases blood flow and may help with skin conditions.

research From signal to form: aspects of the cytoskeleton-plasma membrane—cell wall continuuum in root hair tips

109 citations , January 1997 in “Journal of Experimental Botany”

Root hair growth is influenced by bacteria signals, cytoskeleton organization, and genetic factors.