40 citations
,
January 2013 in “Frontiers in Endocrinology” Finger length ratios are not linked to the number of specific gene repeats affecting testosterone sensitivity.
September 2016 in “Journal of Dermatological Science” Certain factors can start hair growth in adult skin by making cells communicate and form new hair follicles.
63 citations
,
December 2010 in “Journal of Endocrinology” Reduced neurosteroids and growth issues can harm fetal brain development, especially in males.
5 citations
,
January 1993 in “PubMed” Retinoic acid can change skin structures in vertebrates, like turning scales into feathers or hair buds into glands.
39 citations
,
March 2018 in “Archives of Dermatological Research” Androgens may block hair growth signals, targeting this could treat hair loss.
17 citations
,
April 2006 in “Brain Research” 5α-reduced neurosteroids may help regulate glial cell differentiation.
1 citations
,
November 2024 in “European Journal of Endocrinology” Higher childhood DHEAS levels are linked to advanced puberty and DNA changes.
14 citations
,
July 2016 in “Journal of Endocrinology” The equine epididymis mainly uses type 1 5α-reductase, and both finasteride and dutasteride can inhibit its activity.
15 citations
,
April 2020 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” Botulinum toxin injections may help treat hair loss by blocking harmful secretion in hair follicles.
30 citations
,
August 2019 in “Medical Sciences” Androgens play a key role in causing PCOS (Polycystic Ovary Syndrome).
14 citations
,
April 2024 in “The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology” 5α-reductases increase epitestosterone's effect on androgen receptors.
January 2002 in “Chinese Journal of Pharmaceuticals” A new method was developed to make a compound used in finasteride and epristeride with a 69% yield.
16 citations
,
November 1994 in “Developmental Biology” Retinoic acid causes gland formation instead of hair in mouse skin by altering epidermal and dermal interactions.
July 2008 in “European Journal of Cancer Supplements” June 2025 in “JCEM Case Reports” False high testosterone levels were corrected using a more accurate test.
30 citations
,
July 2019 in “Endocrinology” Certain HSD3B1 gene types are linked to worse prostate cancer outcomes and affect treatment response and other health conditions.
11 citations
,
May 2010 in “Journal of Medicinal Chemistry” A new compound was created in 2010 that can control oil production when applied to the skin, and its effects are completely reversible after two weeks.
5 citations
,
November 2015 in “Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry” Certain derivatives are more effective 5α-reductase type 2 inhibitors than finasteride.
January 2012 in “Chinese Journal of Aesthetic Medicine” Increased androgen receptor expression in certain hair follicle areas may cause male pattern baldness.
July 2025 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” Blocking CXCL12 can reverse hair loss and fibrosis in androgenetic alopecia.
Testosterone's health effects are complex and not definitively understood.
March 2008 in “The Knowledge Bank (The Ohio State University)” SARM-induced changes in the androgen receptor are specific to each ligand and affect stability and protein interactions.
45 citations
,
January 1977 in “Advances in experimental medicine and biology” Hair follicles have an enzyme that converts arginine to citrulline in proteins.
5 citations
,
October 2018 in “Sains Malaysiana” Testosterone reduces key molecules needed for early pregnancy in rats.
38 citations
,
October 1996 in “Dermatologic Clinics” Certain hormone treatments can improve acne and related conditions in women.
7 citations
,
April 2011 in “American journal of obstetrics and gynecology” A woman's virilization symptoms were caused by her partner's use of testosterone cream, which resolved after they separated.
June 2023 in “Frontiers in Medicine” Protein tyrosine kinases are key in male pattern baldness, affecting skin structure, hair growth, and immune responses.
21 citations
,
August 2001 in “PubMed” Finasteride helps hair growth by reducing DHT levels.
3 citations
,
October 1993 in “Endocrinology”
11 citations
,
May 2009 in “Medical Hypotheses” Male pattern baldness is an unintended side effect of the body's use of androgens for muscle growth, especially in those genetically prone to it.