Gender-diverse individuals face more depression and anxiety, possibly due to unique stress profiles.
6 citations
,
May 2020 in “British Journal of Dermatology” Lichen Sclerosus causes itching, pain, and potential complications in the genital area.
28 citations
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November 2017 in “Molecular and cellular endocrinology” Testosterone and its byproducts help support male sexual behavior through different pathways in the brain and body.
138 citations
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November 1974 in “Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society” Males and females differ in lifespan, growth, organ size, metabolism, and brain structure, with females generally living longer and maturing earlier.
10 citations
,
August 2002 in “Sexualities” The critique suggests that Wilton's work unintentionally supports the very stereotypes it aims to question and calls for a broader, more inclusive approach to understanding gender.
November 2016 in “Elsevier eBooks” Genetic mutations can affect female sexual development, requiring personalized medical care.
June 2020 in “Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)” Robertsonian translocation can cause recurrent miscarriages.
23 citations
,
April 2010 in “Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C Toxicology & Pharmacology” The piRNA pathway genes are crucial in early development and may influence sex differentiation through hormone regulation.
35 citations
,
March 2013 in “American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B Neuropsychiatric Genetics” SRD5A2 gene variations affect PTSD symptoms differently in males and females.
38 citations
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November 2005 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings”
37 citations
,
January 2009 in “Sexual Development” Fadrozole and Finasteride change frog sex ratios and cause intersex animals with altered gene expressions.
January 2026 in “Universität Zürich, ZORA” October 2025 in “Preprints.org” Male and female mice handle stress differently.
14 citations
,
March 2020 in “Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology” Mouse spermatogenesis shows that stem cells can behave flexibly and move widely in open environments.
66 citations
,
May 2014 in “Conservation Physiology” Grizzly and black bears have different stress and hormone responses to salmon availability, influenced by nutrition and social competition.
5 citations
,
December 2018 in “Frontiers in Endocrinology” Differences in androgen receptor expression and tissue properties may lead to higher cryptorchidism risk in certain rats.
9 citations
,
January 1997 in “Endocrine Journal” Gonadal biopsy is the best method to diagnose gonadal dysgenesis.
52 citations
,
March 2022 in “Biology of Sex Differences” Females have stronger immune responses to COVID-19 than males, leading to better outcomes.
22 citations
,
September 2008 in “International Journal of Dermatology” The case suggests a possible autoimmune link between lichen sclerosus and vitiligo.
September 2022 in “Annals of medicine and surgery” Three siblings with a rare genetic condition had abnormal sexual development and chose different gender identities, needing surgery and therapy.
December 2025 in “Biology” Male and female mice handle stress differently.
March 2026 in “Sexual Development” Tortoiseshell tomcats with XX/XY chimerism can be fertile.
34 citations
,
August 2015 in “Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience” Allopregnanolone affects fear responses differently in male and female rats, possibly explaining sex differences in anxiety disorders.
22 citations
,
June 2004 in “Journal of The European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology” A woman had both Graham Little-Piccardi-Lassueur syndrome, causing hair loss, and complete androgen insensitivity syndrome, making her genetically male but physically female. This suggests androgens don't affect the hair loss condition.
10 citations
,
May 2017 in “Symmetry” Higher androgen levels are linked to less asymmetry in !Kung San males.
January 2024 in “Journal of Cosmetics Dermatological Sciences and Applications” Females with pattern hair loss have more occipital involvement than males.
November 2025 in “Journal of Medicine and Health Technology” No link between finger length ratios and color blindness was found.
41 citations
,
January 2022 in “Clinical Immunology” Females are more prone to lupus and arthritis due to X chromosome factors.
May 2022 in “Hormones and behavior” Prairie dogs with fewer neighbors are more stressed but their number of babies isn't affected.
5 citations
,
November 2015 in “International Journal of Dermatology”