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Estradiol and castration reduced prostate cancer development in rats when applied at early stages, but were ineffective after cancer was established.

Future hormone therapy trials should match the diverse needs and priorities of the gender-diverse community.

Surgery on a 68-year-old woman with an ovarian tumor led to reduced hirsutism and normal testosterone levels.

Testosterone affects hair loss, acne, and excessive hair growth, and antiandrogens can help treat these conditions.

Some new progesterone derivatives are better at blocking testosterone conversion than a common drug.

The oral contraceptive alone is the preferred treatment for hirsutism, as adding the GnRH analog showed no significant benefit.

Hormone treatments for transgender individuals generally improve mental health and physical transition, with some health risks that require medical supervision.

Testosterone replacement may improve sexual desire and bone health in women with low androgen levels, but more research is needed on its long-term safety.

High testosterone levels can harm fertility by disrupting the LIF signaling pathway in the uterus.

Epitestosterone may act as a weak antiandrogen and can inhibit an enzyme involved in testosterone metabolism.

Gender-affirming hormone therapy improves physical performance in trans men to the level of cisgender men, while in trans women, it increases fat mass and decreases muscle mass, with no advantage in physical performance after 2 years.

Men with low testosterone should be carefully evaluated and monitored before and during treatment.

The case highlights the complexity of diagnosing high testosterone in older women and the need for thorough testing.

The nanocrystalline suspension effectively delivers dutasteride over time with minimal inflammation.

5α-reductase inhibitors like finasteride may not be effective or safe for transgender individuals, and more research is needed.

Androgens are essential for maintaining adult neuromuscular structure.

Hormone treatment for transgender patients may not need to be stopped before surgery, but more research is needed, especially on estrogen.

Testosterone increases heart and blood pressure issues in rats with endotoxemia, and stopping testosterone production can reduce these problems.

A rare ovarian tumor caused high testosterone in a postmenopausal woman, resolved by surgery.

Hormone therapy is safe and effective for transgender adults, but requires regular monitoring and mental health support.

The research found that androgens help control blood flow in the rat prostate through a specific binding site.

Bicalutamide mesotherapy may help with hair loss and seborrhea but needs more research.

Gender-affirming hormone therapy affects metabolism differently based on treatment type.

The statement offers guidance for hormone therapy and surgery to help gender-incongruent adults affirm a male identity.

Testosterone helps human pancreatic cells increase insulin release.

Leuprolide effectively reduces hair growth in hirsute women at higher doses.

New male contraceptive pills show promise in reducing sperm production with mild side effects.

The body's change of testosterone into DHT is not necessary for testosterone's muscle and sexual effects.

Androgens, male hormones, play a role in both men and women's health, and testosterone therapy can help women with low levels, but it's not suitable for pregnant or lactating women, or those with certain conditions.