5 citations
,
January 2023 in “Fertility and sterility” Doctors are preparing to potentially perform uterus transplants in transgender women, considering technical, hormonal, and ethical factors.
October 2019 in “European heart journal” Androgen-deprivation therapies increase the risk of certain heart conditions, but testosterone treatment may help.
January 2020 in “Journal of Men s Health” The combination treatment reduced prostate size and improved testosterone deficiency symptoms but was less effective for sexual function.
15 citations
,
February 2013 in “Pharmaceutical nanotechnology” Finasteride delivery through skin improved using invasomes and iontophoresis.
36 citations
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May 2017 in “The journal of sexual medicine” Cyproterone acetate treatment is safe and causes mild feminization, which increases with added estrogen.
Bicalutamide does not significantly affect liver enzymes and is a safe anti-androgen option for transfeminine individuals.
83 citations
,
August 2018 in “BJOG” Uterine transplants for transgender women are feasible but need more research.
2 citations
,
March 2025 in “Lynchburg Journal of Medical Science” Testosterone is important for women's health, but more research is needed to guide its use.
March 2023 in “Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation” Testosterone and finasteride improve body composition in men with spinal cord injury.
5 citations
,
March 2010 in “Gynecologic and obstetric investigation” Cyproterone acetate implants were more effective at reducing facial hair and improving skin in severe hirsutism than oral treatment.
1 citations
,
November 2002 in “Endocrine practice” The patient's high testosterone was reduced by a medication that suppresses gonadotropin.
72 citations
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October 1998 in “Baillière's clinical endocrinology and metabolism” Long-term testosterone therapy can cause hormone suppression, affect prostate and heart health, and alter physical characteristics, but does not increase prostate cancer risk and needs more research for full risk assessment.
28 citations
,
October 1998 in “Baillière's clinical endocrinology and metabolism” Testosterone replacement may help post-menopausal women with androgen insufficiency, but more research is needed on its benefits and risks.
1 citations
,
January 2022 in “Transgender health” Hormone therapy in transgender individuals can increase acne and affect hair growth and loss.
49 citations
,
August 1996 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” The combination of cyproterone acetate and testosterone enanthate is highly effective in preventing sperm production and could be a good reversible male contraceptive.
May 2026 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology” Sublingual minoxidil safely increases hair growth in transgender people on testosterone therapy.
4 citations
,
November 2018 in “Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism Case Reports” GnRH analogue can help diagnose ovarian causes of high testosterone in postmenopausal women when scans don't show the cause.
November 2007 in “Neuro-chirurgie/Neurochirurgie” Cyproterone acetate is a safe treatment that causes mild feminizing effects and is more effective with added estrogens.
23 citations
,
August 2005 in “Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy” New treatments for low male hormones improved sexual function and mood but had unclear risks, especially for older men.
255 citations
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October 1985 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” Spironolactone treatment increases the amount of testosterone available in the body.
10 citations
,
October 2012 in “Andrology” Prostate cancer can progress even with low testosterone due to internal hormone production in the tumor.
19 citations
,
June 1997 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” The treatment successfully lowered testosterone levels and reduced symptoms.
January 2025 in “HORMONES” Gender-affirming hormone treatments need better patient-focused outcome measurements and standardized data collection.
3 citations
,
March 2019 in “Post Reproductive Health” Testosterone replacement can help menopausal women with various symptoms, but should be used carefully and is not yet officially licensed in the UK for women.
January 2021 in “Case Reports” A 71-year-old woman developed male-like features due to high testosterone levels caused by a benign ovarian tumor, which was successfully removed by surgery.
April 2020 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” An ovarian tumor caused a woman's male-like symptoms, which improved after surgery.
5 citations
,
July 2021 in “medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)” Proxalutamide improved blood markers related to inflammation, immune response, and clotting in COVID-19 patients, potentially reducing hospitalizations.