1 citations
,
November 2007 in “Neuro-chirurgie/Neurochirurgie” Cyproterone acetate is a safe treatment that causes modest feminization in transgender female adolescents, and works better with added estrogens.
1 citations
,
October 2023 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Testosterone treatment may affect heart response to stress in transgender men.
March 2026 in “Seven Editora eBooks” Testosterone creams and gels can be effective but have serious risks and should be used only with medical supervision.
15 citations
,
February 2019 in “Internal Medicine Journal” Australian doctors experienced in adult transgender healthcare mostly prescribe intramuscular testosterone and oral estradiol, recommend mental health assessments before hormone therapy, and support improved training and guidelines.
April 2020 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” A woman's high testosterone and related symptoms were caused by overactive cells in her ovaries.
26 citations
,
December 2016 in “Psychiatric Clinics of North America” Testosterone therapy and surgeries like mastectomy improve transgender men's lives and mental health with low risks and high satisfaction.
5 citations
,
December 2021 in “Pediatric investigation” Testosterone undecanoate safely and effectively increased penis size in male children with 5-alpha-reductase deficiency.
49 citations
,
February 2009 in “Maturitas” Short-term testosterone therapy in women seems safe with few mild side effects, but long-term effects need more research.
6 citations
,
January 2017 in “Dermato-endocrinology” ADT-G may be a useful indicator of increased androgen levels in women with acne and can be lowered with certain birth control pills.
6 citations
,
August 2020 in “International Research Journal on Advanced Science Hub” The niosomal gel effectively delivers testosterone through the skin with fewer side effects.
March 2023 in “Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation” Testosterone and finasteride improve body composition in men with spinal cord injury.
April 2020 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Male pattern baldness may indicate arterial stiffness in transgender men on long-term testosterone therapy.
6 citations
,
February 2014 in “Human & experimental toxicology” Testosterone injections can cause skin darkening and thickening.
49 citations
,
August 1996 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” The combination of cyproterone acetate and testosterone enanthate is highly effective in preventing sperm production and could be a good reversible male contraceptive.
May 2021 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Transgender females can reach their target estrogen levels using estradiol patches, especially if oral treatments fail or if they're at risk for blood clots. Often, the highest dose patch is needed.
Testosterone therapy may help women with low sexual desire after surgical menopause.
1 citations
,
January 2017 in “Tohoku journal of experimental medicine” A woman's mature cystic teratoma caused her virilization by producing testosterone.
April 2020 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” An ovarian tumor caused a woman's male-like symptoms, which improved after surgery.
31 citations
,
September 2020 in “Clinical endocrinology” Some antiandrogens may lower testosterone better than others, but it's unclear which is best for feminization in transgender women; more research is needed.
January 2020 in “Journal of Men s Health” The combination treatment reduced prostate size and improved testosterone deficiency symptoms but was less effective for sexual function.
28 citations
,
May 2013 in “The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology” Testosterone therapy can improve sexual desire and function in postmenopausal women but should be used cautiously and not based solely on testosterone levels.
15 citations
,
February 2013 in “Pharmaceutical nanotechnology” Finasteride delivery through skin improved using invasomes and iontophoresis.
28 citations
,
November 2003 in “The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism/Journal of clinical endocrinology & metabolism” The normal human prostate does not significantly affect blood DHT levels.
1 citations
,
October 2025 in “EBioMedicine”
1 citations
,
January 2022 in “Transgender health” Hormone therapy in transgender individuals can increase acne and affect hair growth and loss.
36 citations
,
May 2017 in “The journal of sexual medicine” Cyproterone acetate treatment is safe and causes mild feminization, which increases with added estrogen.
January 2021 in “Case Reports” A 71-year-old woman developed male-like features due to high testosterone levels caused by a benign ovarian tumor, which was successfully removed by surgery.
3 citations
,
March 2019 in “Post Reproductive Health” Testosterone replacement can help menopausal women with various symptoms, but should be used carefully and is not yet officially licensed in the UK for women.
23 citations
,
August 2005 in “Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy” New treatments for low male hormones improved sexual function and mood but had unclear risks, especially for older men.
255 citations
,
October 1985 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” Spironolactone treatment increases the amount of testosterone available in the body.