January 2001 in “Cambridge University Press eBooks” Early signs of PCOS in girls, like irregular periods and polycystic ovaries, suggest a need for early diagnosis and intervention to prevent further health issues.
21 citations
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December 2015 in “Development Growth & Differentiation” DHT is crucial for urethral formation, and its disruption can affect masculinization and lead to hypospadias.
January 2026 in “JCEM Case Reports” Genetics may play a significant role in gender dysphoria.
May 2021 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” A 23-year-old woman's missed periods were caused by a rare genetic disorder treated with hormone patches.
January 2023 in “Archives of Disease in Childhood Education & Practice” Hirsutism in teens is often due to polycystic ovarian syndrome and needs careful assessment and support.
173 citations
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May 2001 in “Human reproduction update” Oestrogens are key for bone growth during puberty in both boys and girls.
1 citations
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November 2024 in “European Journal of Endocrinology” Higher childhood DHEAS levels are linked to advanced puberty and DNA changes.
71 citations
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November 2009 in “Best Practice & Research in Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology” PCOS in teens is hard to diagnose, linked to genetics and lifestyle, and managed with weight loss and medication.
August 2025 in “American Journal of Case Reports” Accurate diagnosis and early specialist referral are crucial for managing 46,XY Disorders of Sex Development.
1 citations
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April 2022 in “AACE clinical case reports” A 36-year-old person with a female appearance but male chromosomes was diagnosed with a rare enzyme deficiency affecting sexual development.
2 citations
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October 2022 in “Frontiers in genetics” Late diagnosis of congenital adrenal hyperplasia can greatly affect physical development, gender identity, and sexual health.
October 1995 in “Pediatric Research” 163 citations
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November 1976 in “Annals of Internal Medicine” Sickle cell anemia causes hormone issues and delayed puberty due to testicular failure.
November 2019 in “Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde” The document concludes that pediatricians play a vital role in supporting adolescents through puberty and should enhance their competence in this area.
26 citations
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November 2011 in “Arquivos Brasileiros De Endocrinologia E Metabologia” Diagnosing PCOS in teenagers should focus on signs of excess male hormones and not rely solely on ovarian ultrasound or irregular periods, and should be reassessed in adulthood.
December 1981 in “Pediatric Research” November 2012 in “Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes” A new genetic mutation causes severe Leydig cell hypoplasia, affecting sexual development.
January 2011 in “Journal of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism/Journal of pediatric endocrinology and metabolism” Hyperthyroidism can hide signs of high androgen levels in females.
12 citations
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December 2005 in “PubMed” Some men with early hair loss may have similar hormonal changes to women with Polycystic ovary syndrome, and could be at risk for developing type 2 diabetes.
174 citations
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July 2003 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” Five new mutations in the androgen receptor gene were found, helping to understand androgen insensitivity syndrome better.
11 citations
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July 2001 in “APMIS. Acta pathologica, microbiologica et immunologica Scandinavica./APMIS” Estrogens are key for bone growth spurts in both boys and girls and affect growth into adulthood.
May 2021 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” The 18-year-old girl likely has a condition called müllerian agenesis, which caused her to not have a uterus and experience no menstrual periods.
January 2023 in “Pediatrics International” Non-classical 21-hydroxylase deficiency can be missed in newborn screenings and should be considered in cases of early puberty or virilization.
46 citations
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August 2006 in “PubMed” A genetic defect causes males in some Mediterranean populations to be born with ambiguous genitalia and develop male traits at puberty.
173 citations
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November 2004 in “Seminars in Reproductive Medicine” Adrenarche increases adrenal androgens around age 6, affecting hair growth and development.
1 citations
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September 2017 in “Zhonghua neifenmi daixie zazhi” Routine genetic testing is crucial for early diagnosis and better management of Turner’s syndrome with 21-hydroxylase deficiency.
95 citations
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September 1979 in “Acta Paediatrica” Girls have higher DHEA levels earlier in puberty than boys, indicating earlier development.
71 citations
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August 2019 in “The journal of sexual medicine” Testosterone treatment effectively causes male physical development in transgender male adolescents but may lead to side effects like acne, higher BMI and blood pressure, lower good cholesterol, and decreased bone density.
2 citations
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January 1988 in “Deep Blue (University of Michigan)” Early puberty in girls leads to intense moods, restlessness, and greater self-certainty.
April 2019 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” A young patient with unusual insulin resistance and high testosterone levels had a rare INSR gene mutation.