May 2025 in “Journal of Developmental Biology” Jawless vertebrates have teeth proteins similar to those in mammalian hair and nails.
January 2013 in “Sen'i Gakkaishi” Microfibrils are key for permanent waves, and hydrolyzed keratin improves wave formation and hair condition.
January 2007 in “Sen'i Gakkaishi” Mf-rich hair degrades more than Ma-rich hair, especially with Proteinase K.
40 citations
,
November 2021 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” Mutant keratins cause inflammation in Epidermolysis Bullosa Simplex, suggesting targeting them could help treat the disorder.
19 citations
,
November 2018 in “Nutrients” Annurca apple extract may protect mouse hair from damage by chemotherapy and could help treat hair loss without promoting cancer growth.
14 citations
,
December 1998 in “British Journal of Cancer” Truncated hHb1 keratin may play a role in breast cancer cell transformation.
4 citations
,
January 2015 in “Sen'i Gakkaishi” Hair and wool strength is affected by the number and type of bonds in their protein structures, with hair having more protein aggregates than wool.
1 citations
,
December 2014 in “Scanning” Multiphoton microscopy effectively images rabbit skin structures in detail without staining and shows differences from human skin.
31 citations
,
April 2004 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” A new mouse gene, Keratin 17n, is mainly found in nail tissue and may explain why mice without Keratin 17 don't have nail issues.
4 citations
,
September 2019 in “Biomedical Papers/Biomedical Papers of the Faculty of Medicine of Palacký University, Olomouc Czech Republic” CD2 might be a new treatment target for patchy alopecia areata.
199 citations
,
January 2004 in “The International Journal of Developmental Biology” Hair follicle growth and development are controlled by specific genes and molecular signals.
2 citations
,
September 2022 in “Frontiers in genetics” Different proteins are linked to the varying thickness of sheep and goat hair types.
36 citations
,
September 2013 in “PLoS ONE” Sweat gland stem cells help maintain glands, aid wound healing, and can regenerate skin structures.
28 citations
,
December 2011 in “Biocatalysis and biotransformation” PDI helps restore over-bleached hair's strength and structure by attaching special peptides.
23 citations
,
September 2015 in “International Journal of Molecular Medicine” Activating ER-β, not ER-α, improves skin cell growth and wound healing.
19 citations
,
January 2009 in “International review of cell and molecular biology” Hair's strength and flexibility come from its protein structure and molecular interactions.
13 citations
,
November 2007 in “Journal of Structural Biology” Keratin heterodimers are preferred for their specific and structural advantages.
11 citations
,
January 2014 in “The Scientific World Journal” Cynatine HNS improves hair and nail quality in 90 days.
11 citations
,
January 1987 in “Electrophoresis” Keratin proteins are consistent across different hair types from the same person.
9 citations
,
December 2024 in “Nano Research” A protein-based hydrogel helps heal diabetic wounds and repair nerves.
3 citations
,
May 2024 in “Amino Acids” Disrupted cysteine metabolism may cause hair breakage in Alopecia Areata, suggesting potential treatments like N-acetylcysteine.
2 citations
,
January 2015 in “Sen'i Gakkaishi” Washing permed hair after using thioglycolic acid helps reform strong bonds, making hair stronger.
March 2026 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” Pal-KCV peptide strengthens hair and reduces breakage by up to 52%.
December 2025 in “The American Journal of Medical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Research” Ultrasonic and infrared treatments can improve hair strength and appearance with minimal damage.
The KRTAP36-2 gene in sheep affects wool yield.
August 2019 in “Research Square (Research Square)” Certain long non-coding RNAs in cashmere goats affect hair growth when treated with a specific growth factor.
January 2016 in “Japanese Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery” A benign hair follicle tumor caused upper lip swelling, was removed, and did not return.
186 citations
,
December 2012 in “Current opinion in cell biology” Keratin proteins are increasingly recognized as important for cell health and are linked to many diseases.
69 citations
,
January 2015 in “Cell & tissue research/Cell and tissue research” Keratin mutations cause skin diseases and could lead to new treatments.
2 citations
,
February 2021 in “FEBS open bio” Human hair keratins K85 and K35 create unique filament patterns important for early hair formation.