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GlossaryKeratin 19

protein in epithelial cells used as a cancer biomarker

Keratin 19 (KRT19 or CK19) is a type of protein found in the epithelial cells that line the surfaces and cavities of organs. It plays a crucial role in maintaining the structural integrity of these cells. In medical diagnostics, KRT19 is often used as a biomarker to detect certain types of cancers, as its expression levels can be indicative of tumor presence and progression.

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research Keratin 19 as a biochemical marker of skin stem cells in vivo and in vitro: keratin 19 expressing cells are differentially localized in function of anatomic sites, and their number varies with donor age and culture stage

441 citations , May 1996 in “Journal of Cell Science”

Keratin 19 helps identify skin stem cells, with its presence varying by body location, age, and culture stage.

research Keratin 19: Predicted Amino Acid Sequence and Broad Tissue Distribution Suggest it Evolved from Keratinocyte Keratins.

238 citations , May 1989 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

research The Tissue-dependent Keratin 19 Gene Transcription Is Regulated by GKLF/KLF4 and Sp1

119 citations , September 2000 in “Journal of Biological Chemistry”

GKLF/KLF4 and Sp1 control Keratin 19 gene activity, influencing cancer-related changes.

research The Type I Keratin 19 Possesses Distinct and Context-dependent Assembly Properties

46 citations , December 1998 in “Journal of Biological Chemistry”

Keratin 19 forms less stable and shorter filaments than keratin 14, giving unique traits to certain skin cells.

research Transient expression of keratin 19 is induced in originally negative interfollicular epidermal cells by adhesion of suspended cells.

25 citations , October 2005 in “PubMed”

Keratin 19 expression in certain skin cells is temporary and not a reliable stem cell marker.

research Genomic Organization and Amplification of the Human Keratin 15 and Keratin 19 Genes

12 citations , January 2000 in “Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications”

The study mapped keratin 15 and 19 genes, aiding future genetic disorder research.

research Characterization of Epithelial Hair Follicle Stem Cells in Lichen Planopilaris and Folliculitis Decalvans Through Keratin 19 Expression

December 2025 in “American Journal of Dermatopathology”

Keratin 19 may help diagnose and treat certain types of permanent hair loss.

research Characterization of Human KAP24.1, A Cuticular Hair Keratin-Associated Protein with Unusual Amino-Acid Composition and Repeat Structure

51 citations , January 2007 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

Scientists discovered a unique hair protein, KAP24.1, with a special structure, found only in the upper part of hair cuticles.

research Identification of the Ovine Keratin-Associated Protein 22-1 (KAP22-1) Gene and Its Effect on Wool Traits

42 citations , January 2017 in “Genes”

The gene KAP22-1 affects wool yield and fiber shape in sheep.

research Identification of the Ovine Keratin-Associated Protein 21-1 Gene and Its Association with Variation in Wool Traits

7 citations , July 2019 in “Animals”

The KRTAP21-1 gene affects wool yield and can help improve wool production.

research Characterization of a 190-Kilobase Pair Domain of Human Type I Hair Keratin Genes

74 citations , October 1998 in “Journal of biological chemistry/The Journal of biological chemistry”

The 190-kbp domain contains all human type I hair keratin genes, showing their organization and evolution.

research Differential expression of keratin 19 in normal human epithelial tissues revealed by monospecific monoclonal antibodies

159 citations , October 1986 in “The Histochemical Journal”

research Immunohistochemical Demonstration of Keratin 19 Expression in Isolated Human Hair Follicles

43 citations , August 1994 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

research Abstract 5022: Keratin15 (Krt15) + are radio resistant and tumor-initiating cells in the mouse small intestine

July 2017 in “Cancer Research”

Krt15+ cells in mice can resist radiation, regenerate tissue, and start tumors, suggesting new cancer treatment targets.

research Expression of caspase-14 and keratin-19 in the human epidermis and appendages during fetal skin development

19 citations , February 2013 in “Archives of Dermatological Research”

research Keratin expression in basal cell carcinomas

128 citations , February 1992 in “British Journal of Dermatology”

Basal cell carcinomas likely originate from hair follicle cells or stem cells.

research Localization of Merkel cells at hairless and hairy human skin sites using keratin 18

28 citations , September 1995 in “Biochemistry and Cell Biology”

Merkel cells are more densely found in hairless skin areas like palms and soles.

research Tunable Keratin Hydrogels for Controlled Erosion and Growth Factor Delivery

106 citations , December 2015 in “Biomacromolecules”

Keratin hydrogels can be customized for better tissue healing.

research Characterisation of an Ovine Keratin Associated Protein (KAP) Gene, Which Would Produce a Protein Rich in Glycine and Tyrosine, but Lacking in Cysteine

24 citations , October 2019 in “Genes”

A new sheep gene, KRTAP36-1, may help breed sheep with better wool by reducing prickle factor.

research Characterization of the Promoter Regions of Two Sheep Keratin-Associated Protein Genes for Hair Cortex-Specific Expression

14 citations , April 2016 in “PloS one”

The KRTAP11-1 gene promoter is crucial for specific expression in sheep wool cortex.

research The susceptibility of disulfide bonds to modification in keratin fibers undergoing tensile stress

11 citations , April 2022 in “Biophysical Journal”

Disulfide bonds in keratin fibers break more easily under stress, especially when wet, affecting fiber strength.

Telogen Effluvium, Beau's Lines, and Acral Peeling Associated with COVID-19 Infection

research Telogen effluvium, Beau lines, and acral peeling associated with COVID-19 infection

7 citations , June 2021 in “JAAD Case Reports”

A woman had hair loss, nail changes, and skin peeling after a COVID-19 infection, which got better on their own.

Dendrobium Officinale Polysaccharide Improves Hair Regrowth in Androgenetic Alopecia Mice and Is Associated with Coordinated Changes in Local Steroid Metabolism, ESR1 Activation, and Keratin-Related Follicular Responses

research Dendrobium officinale polysaccharide improves hair regrowth in androgenetic alopecia mice and is associated with coordinated changes in local steroid metabolism, ESR1 activation, and keratin-related follicular responses

May 2026 in “Frontiers in Pharmacology”

Dendrobium officinale polysaccharide helps hair regrowth in hair loss mice by affecting local steroid metabolism and hair follicle responses.

research The Study on Biological Function of Keratin 26, a Novel Member of Liaoning Cashmere Goat Keratin Gene Family

14 citations , December 2016 in “PloS one”

Keratin 26 affects cashmere goat hair growth and is influenced by various treatments.

research George Ernest Rogers 1927–2021

June 2023 in “Historical records of Australian science/Historical Records of Australian Science”

George Ernest Rogers was a notable scientist who made important discoveries about hair and wool proteins.

Abstracts from the Symposium on the Pathophysiology of Hair Growth Organized by the Institute of Dermatology at the Royal Society of Medicine, 29 October 1987

research Abstracts from the Symposium on the Pathophysiology of Hair Growth Organized by the Institute of Dermatology at the Royal Society of Medicine, 29 October 1987

January 1989 in “Clinical and Experimental Dermatology”

The symposium concluded that hair growth involves complex processes, including the hair follicle life cycle, the role of the dermal papilla, hair strength, pigmentation, and the impact of diseases and treatments like minoxidil on hair and skin.

Scientific Opinion on the Substantiation of a Health Claim Related to KF2BL20 and Maintenance of Normal Hair Pursuant to Article 13(5) of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006

research Scientific Opinion on the substantiation of a health claim related to KF2BL20 and maintenance of normal hair pursuant to Article 13(5) of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006

1 citations , July 2012 in “EFSA journal”

KF2BL20 does not have proven benefits for maintaining normal hair.

research Strengthening hair growth Карр (Dent. med. Woch., 1921, №11)

September 2021 in “Kazanskij medicinskij žurnal”

Electrical and chemical skin stimulation can improve hair growth.

Human Epithelial Hair Follicle Stem Cells and Their Progeny: Current State of Knowledge, the Widening Gap in Translational Research and Future Challenges

research Human epithelial hair follicle stem cells and their progeny: Current state of knowledge, the widening gap in translational research and future challenges

106 citations , March 2014 in “BioEssays”

We need more research to better understand human hair follicle stem cells for improved treatments for hair loss and skin cancer.

research Dermal papilla-induced hair differentiation of adult epithelial stem cells from human skin

90 citations , August 2004 in “Physiological Genomics”

Dermal papilla cells help skin stem cells grow into hair.