28 citations
,
September 2013 in “European Journal of Histochemistry” Keratins in Malayan pangolins vary by region, suggesting scales evolved from the tail towards the head.
28 citations
,
November 2009 in “Journal of Structural Biology” High flux X-ray beams quickly damage the structure of human hair.
38 citations
,
July 2004 in “Journal of experimental zoology. Part B, Molecular and developmental evolution” Reptilian scales, feathers, and hairs evolved from changes in skin cell interactions.
1 citations
,
July 2023 in “Journal of developmental biology” Bird foot scales develop differently and can repair but not fully regenerate due to the lack of specialized stem cell areas.
2 citations
,
July 2013 in “Fashion business” Keratin essence protects and improves damaged hair.
1 citations
,
December 2019 in “International journal of innovative technology and exploring engineering” Fish scale-based organic hair oil and shampoo may improve hair health and prevent damage.
2 citations
,
May 2022 in “International Journal of Trichology” Brazilian Keratin Treatment can cause skin reactions like redness and scaling, possibly due to formaldehyde.
6 citations
,
January 2021 in “Journal of the mechanics and physics of solids/Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids” The model shows that factors like follicle shape and stiffness are key for hair growth and anchoring.
January 2003 in “Zhongguo linchuang jiepouxue zazhi” Human hair keratin may help repair injured spinal cord tissue in rats.
5 citations
,
January 2022 in “Scientific reports” The research identified two types of keratinocytes in chicken scales: one for hard scales and another for soft skin, with similarities to human skin differentiation.
30 citations
,
July 2000 in “PubMed” Hair has unevenly distributed proteins and lipids, with lipids mainly in the cuticle and proteins in the cortex and medulla.
March 2026 in “Journal of the mechanical behavior of biomedical materials/Journal of mechanical behavior of biomedical materials” Hair cuticles remain stable and resilient under stress due to strong protein content and crosslinking.
1 citations
,
May 2023 in “Journal of molecular evolution” Pangolins have lost some skin-related genes, but kept others, leading to their unique scales and skin features.
December 2025 in “The American Journal of Medical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Research” Ultrasonic and infrared treatments can improve hair strength and appearance with minimal damage.
73 citations
,
April 2010 in “Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia” Dermoscopy helps diagnose and monitor treatment for hair loss from scarring conditions like discoid lupus and lichen planopilaris.
41 citations
,
January 2014 in “Annals of Dermatology” Dermoscopic examination helps diagnose different types of hair loss conditions by showing specific patterns.
27 citations
,
July 1997 in “PubMed” The harlequin ichthyosis mouse mutation causes thick skin and early death, resembling a human skin disorder.
20 citations
,
July 2010 in “Skin Research and Technology” Aging makes hair thinner and rougher, with less clear edges.
17 citations
,
June 2012 in “Journal of experimental zoology. Part B, Molecular and developmental evolution” Hair in mammals likely evolved from glandular structures, not scales.
14 citations
,
July 2007 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” The new 3D imaging method accurately measures hair surface details quickly.
6 citations
,
January 2005 in “PubMed” Cotton honeydew extract improves hair smoothness and reduces damage.
January 2024 in “Skin appendage disorders” A man with follicular psoriasis got better after treatment with skin cream and allergy pills.
86 citations
,
April 2009 in “Journal of anatomy” Hard skin features like scales, feathers, and hair evolved through specific protein changes in different animal groups.
18 citations
,
November 2010 in “Journal of morphology” Antler velvet hair and body hair of red deer have different structures that help with protection and insulation.
5 citations
,
December 2020 in “International journal of biological macromolecules” Treatments improved hair surface and scale structure but didn't increase certain bonds in the hair cortex.
30 citations
,
April 2017 in “Journal of structural biology” Human hair keratin fibers have a detailed nano-scale structure that changes with different conditions.
Pangolin scales evolved for protection, hardening with age, due to keratin gene diversification.
Hair can't be as strong as Rapunzel's because it's impractical to scale up due to defects.
28 citations
,
August 1992 in “Differentiation” A new pair of mouse keratins, 65 kD and 48 kD, are found in specific skin areas and are linked to a unique skin differentiation type.
49 citations
,
April 2010 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” Hair ages as the cuticle wears down, especially beyond 1 meter from the root, affecting its strength and shine.