22 citations
,
July 1998 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” The 4C32 gene may help in mouse skin development and differentiation.
6 citations
,
December 2019 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” White hair has weaker tryptophan fluorescence than other unpigmented fibers, possibly due to UV exposure or unknown substances.
3 citations
,
January 2021 in “ScienceAsia” Using an enzyme and keratin treatment can significantly repair and strengthen damaged hair.
June 2025 in “Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine” Keratin biomaterials could help heal wounds and regenerate tissue, but more testing is needed.
22 citations
,
January 2020 in “PeerJ” Keratin peptides in hair might help identify gender and ethnicity.
7 citations
,
January 2013 in “Indian dermatology online journal” A rare skin condition with dark, thick, warty patches and some hair loss was found in a newborn boy.
February 2025 in “Animals” Understanding proteins in skin structures like claws and hair is crucial for future research.
April 2026 in “Clinical Dermatology Review” Keratosis pilaris significantly affects quality of life and shows specific skin changes.
June 2023 in “Experimental dermatology” Pubic hair has a thicker, more protective outer layer than scalp hair, possibly due to evolution.
26 citations
,
August 2007 in “Annals of Anatomy - Anatomischer Anzeiger” Feathers become harder as they develop due to a change in keratin type.
82 citations
,
January 2006 in “International review of cytology” Vertebrate skin evolved to be more specialized and complex, especially in land animals.
12 citations
,
January 2001 in “Der Hautarzt” Trichorhinophalangeal syndrome causes hair, facial, and bone issues, with no specific treatment beyond gentle care.
3 citations
,
June 2020 in “Developmental Cell” Feather patterns are influenced by enhancers and chromatin looping, and the structure of protein complexes important for hair growth has been detailed.
1 citations
,
March 2017 in “Roczniki Naukowe Polskiego Towarzystwa Zootechnicznego” Domestic cat hair varies in thickness and length, with guard hairs being longest and thickest, and all hair types mainly contain keratin.
September 2025 in “Egyptian Journal of Dermatology and Venerology” Dermoscopy is crucial for diagnosing rare scalp tumors like trichofolliculoma.
September 2022 in “JAAD case reports” The man has a genetic skin condition called pachyonychia congenita.
49 citations
,
June 2004 in “Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences” Human hair becomes weaker and stretches more easily at higher temperatures.
January 2025 in “Kuwait Journal of Science” KRT71 gene variants may influence camel hair shape but don't fully explain it.
January 2000 in “Zhongguo yixue wulixue zazhi” Different human hair keratin types have unique structures that affect how they dissolve and can be used to create self-tendons.
72 citations
,
December 2018 in “Journal of Experimental Zoology Part B Molecular and Developmental Evolution” Corneous beta-proteins evolved uniquely in reptiles and birds, forming scales, claws, beaks, and feathers.
23 citations
,
January 2023 in “Journal of Developmental Biology” Reptile skin protects and prevents water loss, helping them adapt to land.
36 citations
,
November 2019 in “Molecular biology and evolution” Cysteine-rich keratins evolved independently in mammals, reptiles, and birds for hard skin structures like hair, claws, and feathers.
4 citations
,
November 1968 in “Textile research journal” Hair fibers may have a unique, non-protein sheath not previously identified.
40 citations
,
May 2016 in “Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America” Changes in keratin make hair follicles stiffer.
13 citations
,
May 2016 in “International journal of biological macromolecules” Keratin's mechanical properties are influenced by hydrogen bonds and secondary structure, and can be improved with the SPD-2 peptide.
7 citations
,
August 2006 in “Biopolymers” Researchers extracted tiny keratin filaments from human hair by unzipping its outer layer.
Water and fatty acids affect hair's surface differently based on hair damage, and models can help understand hair-cosmetic interactions.
Keratin gel may help repair damaged nerves.
99 citations
,
July 2012 in “PLoS Genetics” A mutation in the KRT75 gene causes frizzle feathers in chickens.
38 citations
,
November 2018 in “Scientific Reports” Bird scales evolved from feathers, not reptile scales.