86 citations
,
January 1996 in “Clinics in dermatology” Hair can be damaged by daily routines, but protein-based products can protect and improve it.
82 citations
,
January 2006 in “International review of cytology” Vertebrate skin evolved to be more specialized and complex, especially in land animals.
69 citations
,
May 1997 in “Veterinary Pathology” The angora mouse mutation causes long hair and hair defects due to a gene deletion.
65 citations
,
May 2006 in “Journal of Structural Biology” Hair curliness is due to uneven distribution of different cortices within the hair fiber.
47 citations
,
September 2011 in “Acta biomaterialia” Protein composition greatly affects the function of keratin biomaterials.
39 citations
,
June 2012 in “Journal of Structural Biology” Disulfide bonds are crucial for hair structure during keratinization.
36 citations
,
November 2019 in “Molecular biology and evolution” Cysteine-rich keratins evolved independently in mammals, reptiles, and birds for hard skin structures like hair, claws, and feathers.
35 citations
,
May 2011 in “Experimental Dermatology” Aging causes changes in hair follicles, leading to weaker hair growth.
27 citations
,
April 2018 in “Artificial Cells Nanomedicine and Biotechnology” Recombinant human hair keratin proteins can effectively stop bleeding.
24 citations
,
November 2015 in “Scientific reports” Human hair has a new region with ordered filaments and the cuticle contains β-keratin sheets.
21 citations
,
December 1991 in “Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences” Most mouse hair keratin genes are on chromosomes 11 and 15.
19 citations
,
May 2008 in “Applied spectroscopy” Human hair has different protein structures in its cuticle and cortex.
17 citations
,
February 2015 in “Cell Death and Disease” Inhibiting AP1 in mice skin causes structural changes and weakens the skin barrier.
17 citations
,
November 2012 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” The document concludes that over 500 genes are linked to hair disorders and this knowledge is important for creating new treatments.
17 citations
,
June 2003 in “The journal of investigative dermatology. Symposium proceedings/The Journal of investigative dermatology symposium proceedings” Mutations in hKAP1 genes may cause hereditary hair disorders.
12 citations
,
December 2003 in “Gene” The ovine Hoxc-13 gene is crucial for hair formation and may have other skin functions.
10 citations
,
August 2021 in “Frontiers in cell and developmental biology” Scientists made structures that look like human hair follicles using stem cells, which could help grow hair without using actual human tissue.
8 citations
,
July 2011 in “Animal science journal” Keratin 33A is a key protein in goat winter coats, especially in high-producing breeds.
5 citations
,
February 1998 in “Polymer” Human hair keratin has a 40% α-helix structure that changes to a random coil in 8 M urea.
2 citations
,
October 2022 in “Journal of structural biology” Older thin hair is not just thinner but also has different shape, structure, and stiffness.
2 citations
,
February 2021 in “FEBS open bio” Human hair keratins K85 and K35 create unique filament patterns important for early hair formation.
1 citations
,
October 2009 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” A new keratin treatment can strengthen and protect aging hair.
September 2025 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” Heat and UV exposure damage hair structure by altering keratins.
January 2026 in “Biomaterials and Biosystems” Keratin from chicken feathers can be safely used on damaged skin.
30 citations
,
January 2009 in “The scientific world journal/TheScientificWorldjournal” Hair is hard to dissolve because of its complex proteins, but certain solvents that break specific bonds and hydrate can do it.
1 citations
,
April 2023 in “Langmuir” Damaged hair allows water to penetrate more easily, and fatty acids from shampoos can deposit on hair surfaces.
Mutations in keratin genes may link hair disorders to dental decay.
September 2025 in “Sahel Journal of Life Sciences FUDMA” Chemical hair straighteners can severely damage hair and scalp with repeated use.
4 citations
,
January 2015 in “Sen'i Gakkaishi” Hair and wool strength is affected by the number and type of bonds in their protein structures, with hair having more protein aggregates than wool.
31 citations
,
February 2007 in “Journal of Structural Biology” Oxidation changes the structure of hair protein filaments, causing them to compact and rearrange.