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GlossaryKeratin

protein forming hair, nails, and skin's outer layer

Keratin is a type of protein that forms the structural foundation of hair, nails, and the outer layer of skin. It provides strength and protection, making these tissues resilient and less prone to damage. In hair, keratins are essential for maintaining its integrity and elasticity, and they play a crucial role in the hair's overall health and appearance.

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The Human Type I Keratin Gene Family: Characterization of New Hair Follicle Specific Members and Evaluation of the Chromosome 17q21.2 Gene Domain

research The human type I keratin gene family: Characterization of new hair follicle specific members and evaluation of the chromosome 17q21.2 gene domain

70 citations , December 2004 in “Differentiation”

The study identified and characterized new keratin genes linked to hair follicles and epithelial tissues.

research Structural change of keratin protein in human hair by permanent waving treatment

70 citations , June 1998 in “Polymer”

Permanent waving damages hair by disrupting its keratin structure.

research Keratin expression by corneal and limbal stem cells during development

25 citations , August 2020 in “Experimental eye research/Experimental Eye Research”

Different types of cells in the eye express specific keratins at various stages of development.

research Analysis of heterogeneous reaction between reducing agents and keratin fibers using Raman spectroscopy and microspectrophotometry

20 citations , December 2012 in “Journal of molecular structure”

The study found that thioglycolic acid breaks down hair bonds more consistently than l-cysteine, which is less damaging to hair.

Annurca Apple Polyphenols Ignite Keratin Production in Hair Follicles by Inhibiting the Pentose Phosphate Pathway and Amino Acid Oxidation

research Annurca Apple Polyphenols Ignite Keratin Production in Hair Follicles by Inhibiting the Pentose Phosphate Pathway and Amino Acid Oxidation

18 citations , October 2018 in “Nutrients”

Annurca apple extract promotes hair growth by changing hair follicle metabolism to boost keratin production.

research The Study on Biological Function of Keratin 26, a Novel Member of Liaoning Cashmere Goat Keratin Gene Family

14 citations , December 2016 in “PloS one”

Keratin 26 affects cashmere goat hair growth and is influenced by various treatments.

research Characterization of Bsk mice: I. The Bsk mutation does not involve a recombination of cornea-specific keratin 12 and skin-specific hair keratin genes.

4 citations , May 1998 in “PubMed”

The Bsk mutation doesn't involve keratin gene recombination and its cause is unknown.

research Expression of Keratin 75 (K6hf) in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

2 citations , January 2011 in “Dental Medicine Research”

Keratin 75 might be important in oral cancer progression.

research Production and characterization of human hair keratin bioplastic films with novel plasticizers

1 citations , January 2024 in “Scientific reports (Nature Publishing Group)”

Human hair was used to make biodegradable plastic films that could be useful for packaging and disposable products.

research Corrigendum to “Endocrine controls of primary adult human stem cell biology: Thyroid hormones stimulate keratin 15 expression, apoptosis, and differentiation in human hair follicle epithelial stem cells in situ and in vitro” [Eur. J. Cell Biol. (2010) 769–777]

1 citations , November 2012 in “European Journal of Cell Biology”

The authors clarified data overlap and corrected a figure error, apologizing for any confusion.

research Histopathological Analysis on keratin2-6 g Expression in Hair Mutant Mouse Hague

January 2002 in “Proceedings of The Japanese Society of Animal Models for Human Diseases”

Keratin2-6g is crucial for hair follicle development, with mutations causing cell degeneration and vacuolation.

research ‘Hard’ and ‘soft’ principles defining the structure, function and regulation of keratin intermediate filaments

686 citations , February 2002 in “Current Opinion in Cell Biology”

Keratin filaments are crucial for cell structure and protection, with ongoing discoveries about their genes and functions.

research A Review of Keratin-Based Biomaterials for Biomedical Applications

517 citations , February 2010 in “Materials”

Keratin from hair and wool is used in medical materials for healing and drug delivery.

research Keratin cytoskeletons in epithelial cells of internal organs

482 citations , June 1979 in “Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences”

Keratins provide structural strength in epithelial cells and help identify cell origins.

research Keratin 19 as a biochemical marker of skin stem cells in vivo and in vitro: keratin 19 expressing cells are differentially localized in function of anatomic sites, and their number varies with donor age and culture stage

441 citations , May 1996 in “Journal of Cell Science”

Keratin 19 helps identify skin stem cells, with its presence varying by body location, age, and culture stage.

research Multipotent nestin-positive, keratin-negative hair-follicle bulge stem cells can form neurons

419 citations , March 2005 in “Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences”

Hair-follicle stem cells can become neurons.

research Keratin 15 Promoter Targets Putative Epithelial Stem Cells in the Hair Follicle Bulge

387 citations , November 2003 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

The K15 promoter effectively targets stem cells in the hair follicle bulge.

research Onset of Keratin 17 Expression Coincides with the Definition of Major Epithelial Lineages during Skin Development

318 citations , October 1998 in “The Journal of Cell Biology”

Keratin 17 is important for skin development and may help define skin cell types.

research The use of keratin biomaterials derived from human hair for the promotion of rapid regeneration of peripheral nerves

309 citations , October 2007 in “Biomaterials”

Keratin from human hair helps nerves heal faster.

research Different keratin polypeptides in epidermis and other epithelia of human skin: a specific cytokeratin of molecular weight 46,000 in epithelia of the pilosebaceous tract and basal cell epitheliomas.

277 citations , October 1982 in “The Journal of Cell Biology”

Basal-cell epitheliomas and the pilosebaceous tract share a unique keratin, distinguishing them from other skin areas.

research Keratin 19: Predicted Amino Acid Sequence and Broad Tissue Distribution Suggest it Evolved from Keratinocyte Keratins.

238 citations , May 1989 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

research The role of keratin proteins and their genes in the growth, structure and properties of hair

228 citations , January 1997 in “Birkhäuser Basel eBooks”

Keratin proteins and their genes are crucial for hair growth and structure.

research Human Hair Keratin‐Associated Proteins (KAPs)

226 citations , January 2006 in “International review of cytology”

Keratin-associated proteins are crucial for hair strength and structure.

research Conditional Gene Expression in the Epidermis of Transgenic Mice Using the Tetracycline-Regulated Transactivators tTA and rTA Linked to the Keratin 5 Promoter

215 citations , November 2000 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

The system allows precise control of gene expression in mouse skin, useful for studying skin biology.

research Types I and II Keratin Intermediate Filaments

211 citations , April 2018 in “Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology”

Keratins are crucial for cell structure, growth, and disease risk.

research Keratin 15 Expression in Stratified Epithelia: Downregulation in Activated Keratinocytes

198 citations , March 1999 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

Keratin 15 helps maintain tissue integrity and is reduced in activated keratinocytes.

research Expression of keratin K14 in the epidermis and hair follicle: insights into complex programs of differentiation.

198 citations , November 1989 in “The Journal of Cell Biology”

Keratin K14 expression varies between hair follicles and epidermis, affecting cell differentiation.