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May 2011 in “Experimental Dermatology” Aging causes changes in hair follicles, leading to weaker hair growth.
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July 1998 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” The 4C32 gene may help in mouse skin development and differentiation.
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January 2021 in “BioMed research international” Human hair-derived particles can effectively carry and release the cancer drug Paclitaxel in a pH-sensitive manner, potentially targeting cancer cells while sparing healthy ones.
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January 2020 in “Genes” The KRTAP21-2 gene affects wool length and quality in sheep.
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March 2023 in “BMC ecology and evolution” Some hair protein genes evolved early and were adapted for use in hair follicles.
1 citations
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October 1988 in “Clinics in Dermatology” Scientists identified and cloned specific keratin proteins in mouse hair.
January 2026 in “International Journal of Biological Macromolecules” Keratin in people with androgenetic alopecia shows specific changes that could help develop new treatments.
Key genes for mink fur have been identified, aiding conservation efforts.
November 2022 in “Research Square (Research Square)” Keratin-associated proteins have ancient origins and were used for different purposes before being adapted for hair in mammals.
318 citations
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October 1998 in “The Journal of Cell Biology” Keratin 17 is important for skin development and may help define skin cell types.
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December 1991 in “Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences” Keratin gene regulation is similar across mammals, affecting hair follicle differentiation.
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December 1998 in “Journal of Cell Science” The LEF-1 binding site enhances gene expression in hair follicles, with other proteins aiding specific regulation.
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January 2004 in “Genomics” A cluster of 21 keratin-associated protein genes important for hair growth was found on human chromosome 21.
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January 1988 Only two of the four keratin genes are expressed in wool fibers.
September 2024 in “PubMed” Certain RNAs may help diagnose alopecia areata by affecting keratin genes.
January 2004 in “Chinese Journal of Dermatology” Injecting specific oligonucleotides can change hair growth and structure by altering a gene.
150 citations
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August 1992 in “Genes & Development” TNF alpha in skin cells causes weight loss, hair and fat issues, and skin inflammation in mice.
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August 1998 in “The Journal of Cell Biology” Keratin 16 delays skin maturation and affects skin and hair development in mice.
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September 2013 in “Materials Science and Engineering C” Keratin-based hydrogels from human hair and wool are promising for wound dressings and are more eco-friendly.
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September 1994 in “Journal of Medical Genetics” Pachyonychia congenita is linked to a keratin gene on chromosome 17.
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January 2013 in “Journal of Biological Macromolecules” A new method effectively separates keratin-associated proteins and keratin from human hair.
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November 1998 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” A common mutation in the hHb6 gene is linked to monilethrix, but other factors may also play a role.
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June 2024 in “Scientific Reports” The hydrogel shows promise for wound healing due to its strong mechanical, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties.
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August 2015 in “PloS one” Keratin from hair binds well to gold and BMP-2, useful for bone repair.
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September 2019 in “Forensic Science International Genetics” Hair keratin proteins can be reliably identified in hair as short as 0.12 cm, with 0.5 to 2 cm being the best length for analysis.
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January 2016 in “International Journal of Biological Macromolecules” Enzymatic phosphorylation of hair keratin improves the effectiveness of hair products with cationic ingredients.
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April 2007 in “PubMed” Coordinated gene activities are crucial for normal hair growth.
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December 2003 in “Experimental Dermatology” Altering the keratin 17 gene in mice hair follicles caused temporary hair issues, but changes were minimal and short-lived.
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February 2007 in “Cytology and genetics” Gene expression regulates keratin production for normal hair growth.
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October 2024 in “Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology” Taking natural keratin supplements improved skin, hair, and nails in women.