June 2024 in “Dermatology and therapy” Low-dose oral minoxidil is safe for treating children's hair disorders.
July 2023 in “Deleted Journal” Androgenetic alopecia is more common in Saudi men than women.
April 2023 in “Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine” The document concludes that inflammation markers can be used in diabetes, vitamin D3 affects immune pathways, hyperthyroidism changes hormone levels, androgen levels help diagnose Adrenocortical Carcinoma, erectile dysfunction is linked to diabetes, hypogonadism is common in HIV-infected males, and hormones can be biomarkers for various conditions.
September 2021 in “Physiology News” Conditions affecting sex development show that sexual diversity is a natural part of human variation.
10 citations
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July 2022 in “BMC Biology” Sex-limited chromosomes can affect traits not related to reproduction.
January 2026 in “Immunological Reviews” Females generally have stronger immune responses than males due to the X chromosome.
36 citations
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June 2014 in “PLOS ONE” Finasteride, a hair loss drug, may cause long-term sexual side effects due to changes in hormone receptor levels.
9 citations
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February 2022 in “Biomedicines” Testosterone treatment may change estrogen receptor methylation in AFAB individuals.
April 2024 in “Archiv EuroMedica” Platelet-Rich Plasma therapy helps increase hair density and regrowth for some types of hair loss.
4 citations
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March 2018 in “Systems biology in reproductive medicine” Men born very underweight had higher estrogen levels but normal reproduction compared to normal birth weight men.
3 citations
,
November 2019 in “Journal of the ASEAN Federation of Endocrine Societies” A 20-year-old woman with a rare form of Turner syndrome showed improvement with hormonal therapy and needs comprehensive care.
9 citations
,
November 2014 in “Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism” A 15-year-old girl with rare reproductive disorders received hormone therapy to develop secondary sexual traits, but infertility persisted.
1 citations
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September 2017 in “Zhonghua neifenmi daixie zazhi” Routine genetic testing is crucial for early diagnosis and better management of Turner’s syndrome with 21-hydroxylase deficiency.
1 citations
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April 2022 in “AACE clinical case reports” A 36-year-old person with a female appearance but male chromosomes was diagnosed with a rare enzyme deficiency affecting sexual development.
November 2012 in “Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes” A new genetic mutation causes severe Leydig cell hypoplasia, affecting sexual development.
April 2020 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” A 14-year-old girl with no menstrual period was diagnosed with Swyer Syndrome and treated for a related cancer risk.
April 2019 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” A 31-year-old woman was diagnosed with Complete Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome much later than usual, leading to a call for earlier detection and treatment guidelines.
46 citations
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December 1992 in “The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology” Affected males are born with ambiguous genitalia, raised as females, but develop male traits at puberty due to enzyme deficiency.
54 citations
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April 2010 in “Baillière's best practice and research in clinical endocrinology and metabolism/Baillière's best practice & research. Clinical endocrinology & metabolism” Impaired androgen production in 46,XY DSDs causes ambiguous genitalia and requires long-term care.
8 citations
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July 2015 in “Molecular cytogenetics” A complex X chromosome rearrangement can increase the risk of multiple autoimmune diseases.
January 2026 in “JCEM Case Reports” Genetics may play a significant role in gender dysphoria.
October 2023 in “IJEM case reports” A 15-year-old girl with no menstrual period was diagnosed with a genetic condition that makes her body unable to respond to male hormones, leading to female characteristics despite having male genetic makeup.
163 citations
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November 1976 in “Annals of Internal Medicine” Sickle cell anemia causes hormone issues and delayed puberty due to testicular failure.
1 citations
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August 2015 in “AACE Clinical Case Reports” A new gene mutation causes complete androgen insensitivity in a 16-year-old with a female appearance.
October 2023 in “Indian Journal of Ophthalmology - Case Reports” Kallmann syndrome can cause eye issues and other health problems, requiring various treatments.
7 citations
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April 2000 in “Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine” January 2018 in “Elsevier eBooks” 5α-reductase-2 deficiency causes ambiguous genitalia at birth and affects male sexual development, but individuals often develop male characteristics at puberty.
January 2016 in “AACE Clinical Case Reports” Treatment restored normal sexual characteristics and blood condition in a patient with testicular cancer.
2 citations
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July 2016 in “Pharmacopsychiatry” A person with Turner Syndrome showed severe schizophrenia that didn't respond to treatment and had brain shrinkage.
September 2022 in “Annals of medicine and surgery” Three siblings with a rare genetic condition had abnormal sexual development and chose different gender identities, needing surgery and therapy.