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Anabolic steroids can build muscle and strength but have risks and need more research on their clinical benefits and side effects.

Exposure to too much androgen before birth might cause polycystic ovary syndrome later in life.

Oestrogens are key for bone growth during puberty in both boys and girls.

Eating less sugar, milk, and saturated fats and more vegetables and fish may help treat and prevent acne.

Gynecologists should provide comprehensive care for transgender patients, including mental health evaluation, hormone therapy, and surgical options, while monitoring for side effects and ensuring patient safety.

Some common medications can harm male fertility, but many effects can be reversed.

The document explains how the male reproductive system works, its role in making testosterone, and how conditions like obesity can disrupt it, leading to low testosterone and fertility issues.

New genes and pathways are important for testosterone production and male sexual development.

Hormonal treatment in transgender women reduces semen quality, but stopping treatment may improve it.

Hirsutism is excessive hair growth in women often caused by polycystic ovarian syndrome, and identifying the cause is important for managing associated health risks.

Products should be called 'sperm-safe' only after thorough, well-designed tests.

Finasteride reduces hair loss and treats BPH without major hormone changes, but may cause sexual dysfunction.

Some dermatological medications can impair male fertility, so consult a doctor before trying to conceive.

5α-reductase inhibitors and alpha-1 adrenergic antagonists together effectively treat benign prostatic hyperplasia, with long-term benefits.

COVID-19 might affect male fertility, but more research is needed to understand the full impact.

Human skin produces sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone, influenced by ARO and StAR, which may affect skin elasticity and hair growth.

Group a wide range of chemicals, not just phthalates, for assessing risks to male reproductive health.

The conclusion suggests that prostate cancer should be classified by castration status and that new therapies targeting androgen receptor signaling show promise.

Early adrenal gland maturation in young children can be normal, but other serious conditions should be ruled out first.

Woodhouse-Sakati syndrome often causes sexual development issues, hair loss, learning disabilities, deafness, muscle contractions, limb pain, and diabetes.

5-alpha-reductase inhibitors may cause a low incidence of erectile dysfunction that decreases over time.

The document concludes that using LC-MS/MS for measuring androgens is more accurate than older methods, but it needs careful validation and standardized references to be most effective.

Using anabolic androgenic steroids can cause serious, lasting health problems in many parts of the body.

Gene linked to common hair loss found, may lead to new treatments.

Betacoronaviruses, like COVID-19, may cause hormone system dysfunction and affect disease susceptibility and severity.

New male hormonal contraceptives show promise but need more research on long-term effects and funding for larger trials.

Higher fluoride levels may delay puberty in boys.

Lack or blocking of SRD5a, a key component in hormone creation, can lead to conditions like pseudohermaphrodism and affect hair growth, bone mass, muscle strength, and reproductive health. More research is needed on its regulation from fertilization to adulthood.

The conclusion suggests that PCOS may persist due to genetic traits that, while harmful for female fertility, could have provided survival and reproductive benefits to males.

Wait 3 months after COVID-19 before trying assisted reproduction and further research is needed on COVID-19's effects on male hormones and fertility.