October 2007 in “Postgraduate obstetrics & gynecology” Testosterone therapy can help postmenopausal women with low sexual desire but needs more safety research and should be used with estrogen therapy.
11 citations
,
May 2021 in “Journal of Ovarian Research” Africa's low COVID-19 rates may be linked to early measures and possibly higher estrogen levels in women.
November 2022 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Estrogen deficiency can reduce the enzyme activity needed to activate vitamin D.
22 citations
,
January 2002 in “Treatments in endocrinology” Birth control pills help treat skin and hair growth problems linked to high male hormone levels.
3 citations
,
January 1985 in “PubMed” Hormonal birth control can cause skin issues, but low-dose options and those with antiandrogens may reduce these effects.
October 2010 in “International Journal of Dermatology” An 86-year-old man with prostate cancer was diagnosed with a rare, low-grade breast cancer and underwent surgery but declined additional hormone therapy.
August 2017 in “Journal of epidemiological research” Cancer rates are increasing in developed countries, with estrogen, aging, low vitamin D3, and HPV infection as common causes.
18 citations
,
August 2019 in “Clinical breast cancer” Local hormonal treatment for vulvovaginal atrophy is likely safe for women with estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer on aromatase inhibitors.
2 citations
,
December 1994 in “The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism/Journal of clinical endocrinology & metabolism” The treatment effectively reduced hair growth and was safe for patients with PCOS, but it needs better bleeding control.
Testosterone works in different ways, including direct interaction with its receptor, conversion to other hormones for specific effects on genitalia, hair, bones, and muscle, and changes in body fat and sexual function when low.
58 citations
,
November 2020 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” SHBG may be a useful early indicator and treatment target for PCOS.
88 citations
,
June 2016 in “Human Reproduction Update” New hormonal contraceptives are safer, have fewer side effects, and offer health benefits for women.
30 citations
,
July 2004 in “Fertility and Sterility” Amenorrhea is when a woman doesn't have periods, with primary amenorrhea starting by age 15 or within five years of breast development, and secondary amenorrhea when periods stop for three months. It affects 3-4% of women not pregnant, breastfeeding, or in menopause, mainly due to polycystic ovary syndrome, hypothalamic amenorrhea, hyperprolactinemia, and ovarian failure.
59 citations
,
August 2004 in “Human Reproduction Update” Testosterone replacement can help women with low libido and mood, but they need to have enough estrogen first to avoid side effects.
36 citations
,
October 2016 in “Bone” A male with aromatase deficiency improved bone health with estradiol treatment.
6 citations
,
July 2018 in “DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)” A woman had a rare liver tumor causing male-like physical changes, highlighting the need for thorough checks when such symptoms appear.
October 2025 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” The patient was satisfied with hormone therapy, and her epilepsy remained stable.
2 citations
,
March 2022 in “Journal of Personalized Medicine” Personalized medicine is important for treating skin disorders, with new treatments and connections to hormones and genetics being explored.
45 citations
,
February 2001 in “Joint bone spine” Gonadal dysgenesis, like Turner's and Klinefelter's syndromes, negatively affects bone health, but hormone treatments can help.
January 2017 in “Elsevier eBooks” Sex hormones affect reproduction, sexual development, and oral health, and it's important for dental practitioners to understand their effects and interactions.
25 citations
,
April 1988 in “Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde” Treatment balancing hormones stopped hair loss in most women with androgenetic alopecia.
9 citations
,
November 2014 in “Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism” A 15-year-old girl with rare reproductive disorders received hormone therapy to develop secondary sexual traits, but infertility persisted.
May 2021 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” A 23-year-old woman's missed periods were caused by a rare genetic disorder treated with hormone patches.
Hirsutism is excessive male-pattern hair growth in women, often treated cosmetically or with hormone therapy if contraception is also desired.
393 citations
,
November 2000 in “Archives of General Psychiatry” Testosterone is important for men's sexual function, may help some women's sexual desire, while other hormones and neurotransmitters also play complex roles in sexual behavior.
11 citations
,
July 2001 in “APMIS. Acta pathologica, microbiologica et immunologica Scandinavica./APMIS” Estrogens are key for bone growth spurts in both boys and girls and affect growth into adulthood.
1 citations
,
December 2004 in “Hepatology” Tenofovir is more effective than adefovir for resistant hepatitis B, Fibroscan is good for assessing liver damage, regulatory T cells may help hepatitis C persist, and other insights into liver health and disease were found.
The document concludes that various skin conditions have specific treatments and that adequate calcium intake may prevent osteoporosis.
93 citations
,
June 2001 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Certain genetic variations in the AR and ERβ genes can affect androgen levels in women.
3 citations
,
September 2024 in “BMC Oral Health” Low-level laser therapy reduces orthodontic relapse in rats, but fulvic acids do not.