9 citations
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January 1981 Nucleophilic reagents break down hair keratin, forming more lanthionine and lysinoalanine than in wool.
76 citations
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December 2011 in “Journal of Cell Science” Different keratin types have unique amino acid patterns that are evolutionarily conserved.
29 citations
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August 2005 in “Biopolymers” L-cysteine slows down the breaking of bonds in hair due to electrostatic interactions.
75 citations
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March 2018 in “Molecules/Molecules online/Molecules annual” L-Cysteine may have health benefits, but its effectiveness is still debated due to limited clinical trial data.
80 citations
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June 2002 in “Molecular Biology of the Cell” Type II keratins are uniquely phosphorylated during stress and mitosis, affecting their structure and function.
100 citations
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March 2006 in “Journal of biological chemistry/The Journal of biological chemistry” Cystatin M/E strongly inhibits cathepsin V and cathepsin L, important for skin formation.
May 2023 in “Pharmaceuticals” Three specific mutations in the LIPH gene can cause hair loss by damaging the protein's structure and function.
7 citations
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February 2011 in “Journal of dermatology” The 736T>A mutation in the LIPH gene is common in Japanese people with autosomal recessive woolly hair.
46 citations
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November 1963 in “Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry” Arginine converts to citrulline in hair follicles as proteins harden.
40 citations
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September 2004 in “Biomacromolecules” The Glu413Lys mutation in keratin affects hair stability, while Glu413Asp does not.
1 citations
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April 2006 in “International Journal of Oncology” Lysocellin helps stop cell damage from etoposide and may prevent hair loss.
7 citations
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January 1959 in “Canadian Journal of Chemistry” Human and horse hair have similar end groups to wool and feathers.
1 citations
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January 1971 in “Acta dermato-venereologica” Mice hair follicles take in the amino acid cystine.
45 citations
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January 1977 in “Advances in experimental medicine and biology” Hair follicles have an enzyme that converts arginine to citrulline in proteins.
3 citations
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January 1982 in “Australian journal of biological sciences” Ethionine significantly inhibits wool growth in sheep but not hair growth in mice or rats.
December 2025 in “Universal library of medical and health sciences.” Amino acids like arginine and cysteine protect hair during chemical treatments, keeping it strong and less brittle.
June 2026 in “Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology” LHX2 is crucial for development, tissue repair, and preventing diseases.
1 citations
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January 1992 in “DNA sequence” Researchers found a non-functional sheep keratin gene due to mutations.
158 citations
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June 2014 in “Journal of Lipid Research” Lysophospholipids can act as anti-inflammatory agents through specific receptors, but more research is needed.
1 citations
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February 2013 in “InTech eBooks” LEKTI is crucial for skin barrier and immune function, affecting conditions like Netherton syndrome and atopic dermatitis.
1 citations
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January 1996 Cysteine and arginine are essential for hair growth and thickness.
2 citations
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December 2013 in “Journal of dermatology” A specific gene mutation causes a rare hair loss condition in a Chinese patient.
6 citations
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January 2015 in “Biochemical Society Transactions” The Ysc84/SH3yl1 protein family is important for cell movement and the process of taking in materials by interacting with actin and cell membranes.
64 citations
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November 2012 in “EMBO reports” Lamins are vital for cell survival, organ development, and preventing premature aging.
January 2011 in “Yearbook of Dermatology and Dermatologic Surgery” Hair relaxers are linked to reduced cystine levels and potential hair damage.
July 2024 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” ATR12-351 ointment safely delivers LEKTI protein to the skin, reducing enzyme activity in Netherton syndrome.
32 citations
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January 2000 in “Human Heredity” Monilethrix severity varies and may be influenced by other genetic or environmental factors.
26 citations
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December 2003 in “Experimental Dermatology” Specific keratin gene mutations can cause monilethrix.
9 citations
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April 1970 in “Biochemical pharmacology” Stilbamidine and hydroxystilbamidine inhibit enzyme release from lysosomes and have effects similar to cortisol and chloroquine.