14 citations
,
July 2009 in “Current Opinion in Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery” Hair restoration techniques like follicular unit transplant surgery and follicular unit extraction are effective, with ideal graft placement density between 20-30 units per cm². Medications like Minoxidil and Finasteride can help maintain and regrow hair.
24 citations
,
December 2016 in “Psychiatric Clinics of North America” Transgender women can develop feminine traits and improve their quality of life through hormone therapy and surgery, but results vary and access to surgery can be limited.
7 citations
,
January 2019 in “Headache” Hormone therapy may increase migraines in transgender women and decrease them in transgender men; more research is needed on migraine management in transgender individuals.
16 citations
,
April 2012 in “Gynecological Endocrinology” Older obese women with PCOS have higher cardiovascular and metabolic risks despite lower androgen levels.
56 citations
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August 2005 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings” Different women's hair and skin glands respond to hormones in varied ways, which can cause unwanted hair growth even with normal hormone levels, and more research is needed to treat this effectively.
42 citations
,
August 2013 in “International Journal of Women's Health” Female pattern hair loss is caused by multiple factors and while treatments like topical minoxidil, hormone therapy, and low-level light therapy can help, none can fully cure it.
2 citations
,
April 2023 in “Pharmaceuticals” Testosterone therapy for postmenopausal women appears safe and may protect against heart disease, but requires constant monitoring and more research for long-term effects.
January 2024 in “Biology of sex differences” Dihydrotestosterone makes arteries stiffer in female mice by reducing estrogen receptor expression.
37 citations
,
May 2018 in “Transgender health” Oral estradiol works for many transgender women but needs personalized dosing and monitoring.
May 2023 in “BMC Women's Health” Many women who have used performance-enhancing drugs in Finland show high rates of mental health and substance use issues, and most have normal red blood cell counts.
9 citations
,
April 2021 in “Annals of Translational Medicine” Facial contouring is crucial for the satisfaction and well-being of Chinese transgender females.
28 citations
,
February 2011 in “Clinical Endocrinology” Women with PCOS have unhealthy changes in their cholesterol particles that are not related to their body weight.
April 2024 in “Journal of endocrinological investigation” Topical minoxidil helps transgender individuals assigned female at birth grow more facial hair.
Many men with androgenic alopecia also have dyslipidemia.
1 citations
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January 2022 in “Springer eBooks”
47 citations
,
August 2000 in “Endocrine Reviews” The document concludes that more research is needed to understand excessive hair growth in women with normal hormone levels and regular ovulation.
28 citations
,
March 2009 in “Clinical and Experimental Dermatology” There is no significant link between male pattern baldness and insulin resistance.
7 citations
,
April 2012 in “Clinical investigation” Transdermal testosterone can improve sexual desire in postmenopausal women but lacks long-term safety data and is not FDA-approved for this use.
January 2026 in “Endocrinology”
March 2020 in “Journal of the turkish academy of dermatology” There's no significant link between blood fat levels and male pattern baldness.
31 citations
,
September 2020 in “Clinical endocrinology” Some antiandrogens may lower testosterone better than others, but it's unclear which is best for feminization in transgender women; more research is needed.
393 citations
,
November 2000 in “Archives of General Psychiatry” Testosterone is important for men's sexual function, may help some women's sexual desire, while other hormones and neurotransmitters also play complex roles in sexual behavior.
6 citations
,
September 2005 in “Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy” Androgen therapy can help with symptoms like low libido in women, but more research is needed to understand its long-term safety and effects on health.
February 2012 in “InTech eBooks” PCOS increases the risk of heart disease and type 2 diabetes in women.
5 citations
,
January 2023 in “Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism” The statement offers guidance for hormone therapy and surgery to help gender-incongruent adults affirm a male identity.
4 citations
,
July 2021 in “Dermatology and therapy” Hormone therapy increases facial and body hair in transgender men, while hair removal improves well-being in transgender women, but cost is a barrier as insurance often doesn't cover it. Dermatologists can use various treatments for these hair issues.
July 2025 in “Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism” The guideline emphasizes a multidisciplinary approach and informed consent for gender-affirming hormone treatment, with regular follow-ups and individualized care.
2 citations
,
January 2018 in “International Journal of Trichology” The hCG diet and testosterone therapy can cause hair loss in some people.
July 2023 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Gender-affirming hormone therapy improves physical performance in trans men to the level of cisgender men, while in trans women, it increases fat mass and decreases muscle mass, with no advantage in physical performance after 2 years.
23 citations
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October 2016 in “Journal of Midwifery & Women's Health” The document concludes that health care providers should offer culturally competent care and more research is needed to improve health outcomes for transgender individuals.