Hormonal and Genetic Etiology of Male Androgenetic Alopecia
January 2022
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Research cited in this study
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research Dihydrotestosterone Inhibits Hair Growth in Mice by Inhibiting Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I Production in Dermal Papillae
Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) stops hair growth in mice by lowering a growth factor important for hair.
research Impairment of Autophagy May Be Associated with Follicular Miniaturization in Androgenetic Alopecia by Inducing Premature Catagen
Impaired autophagy may cause hair loss by triggering early catagen.
research Structure of Human Steroid 5α-Reductase 2 with the Anti-Androgen Drug Finasteride
Finasteride irreversibly affects human steroid 5α-reductase 2, providing insight into its catalytic mechanism and disease-related mutations.
research Targeting Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway for Developing Therapies for Hair Loss
Activating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway could lead to new hair loss treatments.
research In Silico Analysis of Gene Expression Data from Bald Frontal and Haired Occipital Scalp to Identify Candidate Genes in Male Androgenetic Alopecia
Found 32 genes linked to male baldness, affecting hair growth and stress-related pathways.
research Prostaglandins in Androgenetic Alopecia in 12 Men and Four Women
research Dissection of Genetic Variation and Evidence for Pleiotropy in Male Pattern Baldness
Male pattern baldness is mostly inherited, involves many genes, and is linked to other traits like early puberty and strong bones.
research Insights into Male Androgenetic Alopecia: Differential Gene Expression Profiling of Plucked Hair Follicles and Integration with Genetic Data
Gene differences found in hair follicles linked to male baldness.
research Prostaglandin D2-Mediated DP2 and AKT Signal Regulate the Activation of Androgen Receptors in Human Dermal Papilla Cells
PGD2 increases androgen receptor activity in hair cells, which could be targeted to treat hair loss.
research Prostanoids and Hair Follicles: Implications for Therapy of Hair Disorders
Prostanoids, like prostaglandins and thromboxane A2, can both enhance and inhibit hair growth, and understanding their effects could help treat hair disorders.
research GWAS for Male-Pattern Baldness Identifies 71 Susceptibility Loci Explaining 38% of the Risk
Researchers found 71 genetic regions linked to male pattern baldness, which account for 38% of its genetic risk.
research Prostaglandin D2 Uses Components of ROS Signaling to Enhance Testosterone Production in Keratinocytes
Prostaglandin D2 increases testosterone production in skin cells through a process involving reactive oxygen species, and antioxidants may help treat hair loss.
research Further Clinical Evidence for the Effect of IGF-1 on Hair Growth and Alopecia
IGF-1 may affect hair growth and loss, but more research is needed to confirm effective and safe treatments.
research Subcellular Localization of the Five Members of the Human Steroid 5α-Reductase Family
All five human steroid 5α-reductase enzymes are found in the endoplasmic reticulum.
research Androgenetic Alopecia: A Review
Male pattern baldness involves genetics, hormones, and needs better treatments.
research Meta-Analysis Identifies Novel Risk Loci and Yields Systematic Insights into the Biology of Male-Pattern Baldness
Researchers found 63 genes linked to male-pattern baldness, which could help in understanding its biology and developing new treatments.
research A Genomic Approach to Susceptibility and Pathogenesis Leads to Identifying Potential Novel Therapeutic Targets in Androgenetic Alopecia
Genomic approach finds new possible treatments for hair loss.
research Genetic Prediction of Male Pattern Baldness
Genetic factors can help predict male pattern baldness risk.
research Stress-Induced Premature Senescence of Dermal Papilla Cells Compromises Hair Follicle Epithelial-Mesenchymal Interaction
Stress can cause early aging in certain skin cells, leading to problems with hair growth.
research Androgens Modify Wnt Agonists/Antagonists Expression Balance in Dermal Papilla Cells Preventing Hair Follicle Stem Cell Differentiation in Androgenetic Alopecia
Androgens prevent hair growth by changing Wnt signals in cells.
research A Comparison of the Hormonal Profile of Early Androgenetic Alopecia in Men With the Phenotypic Equivalent of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome in Women
Men with early hair loss have similar hormone levels to women with PCOS, possibly increasing risk of obesity and heart issues.
research 15-Deoxy Prostaglandin J2, The Nonenzymatic Metabolite Of Prostaglandin D2, Induces Apoptosis In Keratinocytes Of Human Hair Follicles: A Possible Explanation For Prostaglandin D2-Mediated Inhibition Of Hair Growth
A substance called 15-deoxy prostaglandin J2 can cause hair follicle cells to die, which might explain how prostaglandin D2 can lead to hair loss.
research Effect of Prostaglandin D2 on Hair Follicle Growth and Its Impact on Hair Follicle Stem/Progenitor Cells
Blocking Prostaglandin D₂ may help treat hair loss.
research Prostaglandin D2-Enhanced Testosterone Metabolism in Human Keratinocytes Is Mediated by Reactive Oxygen Species
Prostaglandin D2 increases testosterone levels in skin cells through reactive oxygen species, not enzymes, which could lead to new hair loss treatments.
research Topical Application of the Wnt/β-Catenin Activator Methyl Vanillate Increases Hair Count and Hair Mass Index in Women with Androgenetic Alopecia
Methyl vanillate spray increases hair count and hair mass in women with hair loss.
research Differential Expression Between Human Dermal Papilla Cells from Balding and Non-Balding Scalps Reveals New Candidate Genes for Androgenetic Alopecia
New genes found linked to balding, may help develop future treatments.
research Classifications of Patterned Hair Loss: A Review
Different types of hair loss need specific treatments, and while many classification systems exist, each has its flaws; more research is needed to refine these systems and treatments.
research Bad Hair Day: Testosterone and Wnt Signaling
Testosterone can both promote hair growth and cause baldness by affecting hair growth signals.
research The Androgen Receptor Antagonizes Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling in Epidermal Stem Cells
Androgen receptor activity blocks Wnt/β-catenin signaling, affecting hair growth and skin cell balance.
research Contribution of Hair Density and Hair Diameter to the Appearance and Progression of Androgenetic Alopecia in Japanese Men
Hair thickness matters more than density for baldness in Japanese men over 25.
research The Endocrinology of Baldness
Hormones and genetics play key roles in male and female baldness, which can affect mental health and may be linked to other health issues.
research Destruction of the Arrector Pili Muscle and Fat Infiltration in Androgenic Alopecia
Hair loss in male pattern baldness involves muscle degeneration and increased scalp fat.
research Does Prostaglandin D2 Hold the Cure to Male Pattern Baldness?
Prostaglandin D₂ might be targeted for new male pattern baldness treatments.
research A Prostaglandin D-Synthase-Positive Mast Cell Gradient Characterizes Scalp Patterning
Certain immune cells are more common on the top of the head and might help predict or treat common hair loss.
research Are Bald Men More Virile Than Their Well-Thatched Contemporaries?
Bald men are not more virile and may have fewer sexual partners.
research Induction of Transforming Growth Factor-Beta 1 by Androgen Is Mediated by Reactive Oxygen Species in Hair Follicle Dermal Papilla Cells
Androgens increase a growth factor in hair cells by creating reactive oxygen species, and antioxidants might help treat hair loss.
research The Contribution of Endogenous and Exogenous Factors to Male Alopecia
Genetic and environmental factors, like smoking and exercise, affect male hair loss.
research Prostaglandin D2 Inhibits Wound-Induced Hair Follicle Neogenesis Through the Receptor Gpr44
Prostaglandin D2 blocks new hair growth after skin injury through the Gpr44 receptor.
research Androgen Actions on the Human Hair Follicle: Perspectives
Androgens have complex effects on hair growth, promoting it in some areas but causing hair loss in others, and our understanding of this is still evolving.
research Wound Healing in Development: Mechanisms and Regulation
Wounds heal without scarring in early development but later result in scars, and studying Wnt signaling could help control scarring.
research VEGF Induces Proliferation of Human Hair Follicle Dermal Papilla Cells Through VEGFR-2-Mediated Activation of ERK
VEGF promotes hair follicle cell growth through the VEGFR-2/ERK pathway.
research Prostaglandin D2 Inhibits Hair Growth and Is Elevated in Bald Scalp of Men with Androgenetic Alopecia
PGD2 stops hair growth and is higher in bald men with AGA.
research Caspase-1 Level Is Higher in the Scalp in Androgenetic Alopecia
Higher caspase-1 levels found in balding scalps; reducing it may help treat hair loss.
research Hair Follicle Stem Cell Differentiation Is Inhibited Through Cross-Talk Between Wnt/β-Catenin and Androgen Signaling in Dermal Papilla Cells From Patients With Androgenetic Alopecia
Androgens block hair growth by disrupting cell signals; targeting GSK-3 may help treat hair loss.
research Hair Loss and Hyperprolactinemia in Women
Moderately high prolactin levels do not cause hair loss in women.
research The 5 Alpha-Reductase Isozyme Family: A Review of Basic Biology and Their Role in Human Diseases
The document concludes that the 5 alpha-reductase enzymes are important in steroid metabolism and related to various human diseases, with inhibitors used to treat conditions like male pattern baldness and prostate issues.
research Androgen Receptor Gene Polymorphisms and Risk for Androgenetic Alopecia: A Meta-Analysis
G allele of AR Stul polymorphism linked to higher hair loss risk, especially in white people.
research Androgen Receptor Transactivity Is Potentiated by TGF-β1 Through Smad3 but Checked by Its Coactivator Hic-5/ARA55 in Balding Dermal Papilla Cells
TGF-β1 increases androgen receptor activity in hair loss, but Hic-5/ARA55 can counter this effect.
research Dihydrotestosterone-Inducible IL-6 Inhibits Elongation of Human Hair Shafts by Suppressing Matrix Cell Proliferation and Promotes Regression of Hair Follicles in Mice
IL-6 contributes to hair loss by shortening the growth phase and causing hair follicles to regress.
research Brain-Derived Nerve Factor and Neurotrophins in Androgenetic Alopecia
Lower growth factors linked to balding in androgenetic alopecia.
research Evidence of Increased DNA Methylation of the Androgen Receptor Gene in Occipital Hair Follicles from Men with Androgenetic Alopecia
Men with hair loss have more DNA changes in back-of-head hair follicles, possibly protecting them from thinning.
research Bald Scalp in Men with Androgenetic Alopecia Retains Hair Follicle Stem Cells but Lacks CD200-Rich and CD34-Positive Hair Follicle Progenitor Cells
Men with baldness due to androgenetic alopecia still have hair stem cells, but lack specific cells needed for hair growth.
research Molecular Basis of Androgenetic Alopecia: From Androgen to Paracrine Mediators Through Dermal Papilla
Male pattern baldness involves hormones and cell signals affecting hair growth.
research Preventable Effect of L-Threonate, an Ascorbate Metabolite, on Androgen-Driven Balding via Repression of Dihydrotestosterone-Induced Dickkopf-1 Expression in Human Hair Dermal Papilla Cells
L-threonate may help prevent balding by blocking a key protein.
research Evidence for Two Independent Functional Variants for Androgenetic Alopecia Around the Androgen Receptor Gene
Two gene areas linked to male pattern baldness found, more research needed.
research Intermediate Hair Follicles: A New, More Clinically Relevant Model for Hair Growth Investigations
Intermediate hair follicles are a better model for studying hair growth and testing hair loss treatments.
research Androgenetic Alopecia in the Pediatric Population: A Retrospective Review of 57 Patients
Alopecia common in teens, may indicate endocrine issue, minoxidil effective treatment.
research A Mouse Model of Androgenetic Alopecia
Mice with human gene experienced hair loss when treated with DHT.
research Fine Mapping of the Human AR/EDA2R Locus in Androgenetic Alopecia
Genetic marker rs12558842 strongly linked to male hair loss.
research Prevalence of Androgenetic Alopecia in China: A Community-Based Study in Six Cities
Baldness is more common in Chinese men than women, increasing with age, and is influenced by genetics.
research MicroRNAs Take Part in Pathophysiology and Pathogenesis of Male Pattern Baldness
research Hormonal Parameters in Androgenetic Hair Loss in Males
Men with male pattern hair loss have different levels of certain hormones compared to men without hair loss.
research Gene-Wide Association Study Between the Aromatase Gene (CYP19A1) and Female Pattern Hair Loss
Aromatase gene variation may increase female hair loss risk.
research Recent Positive Selection of a Human Androgen Receptor/Ectodysplasin A2 Receptor Haplotype and Its Relationship to Male Pattern Baldness
A specific genetic mutation may increase male pattern baldness risk, especially in Europeans.
research Hormonal Basis of Male and Female Androgenic Alopecia: Clinical Relevance
Hair loss in men and women is linked to high stress hormone levels and other hormonal imbalances, suggesting treatments should be customized to each person's hormones.
research A Cell-Based System for Screening Hair Growth-Promoting Agents
Apigenin may help promote hair growth and could treat hair loss.
research Hormones and the Pilosebaceous Unit
Hormones significantly affect hair and oil gland function in the skin, and more research is needed on skin-related hormone disorders.
research Sparse Hairs Below Frontal Hairline Are Early Sign of Androgenetic Alopecia in Men
Sparse hairs below frontal hairline can indicate early male balding.
research Finding Bald Spots on Chromosome 20p11
New genes linked to male pattern baldness were found on chromosome 20p11.
research Prevalence and Types of Androgenetic Alopecia in Shanghai, China: A Community-Based Study
Chinese men have lower AGA rates than Caucasians, with type III vertex most common; family history is important.
research Keratinocyte Growth Inhibition Through the Modification of Wnt Signaling by Androgen in Balding Dermal Papilla Cells
Androgens slow hair growth by altering Wnt signaling in balding cells.
research Male Androgenetic Alopecia: Population-Based Study in 1,005 Subjects
58% of men aged 30-50 have hair loss, with severity increasing with age.
research Prolactin and the Skin: A Dermatological Perspective on an Ancient Pleiotropic Peptide Hormone
Prolactin affects hair growth and skin conditions, and could be a target for new skin disease treatments.
research Susceptibility Variants for Male-Pattern Baldness on Chromosome 20p11
research Male-Pattern Baldness Susceptibility Locus at 20p11
Researchers found a new gene area linked to male-pattern baldness, which, along with another gene, significantly increases the risk of hair loss in men.
research Androgens and Hair Growth
Androgens can both increase and decrease hair growth in different parts of the body.
research Proliferation, DNA Repair, and Apoptosis in Androgenetic Alopecia
Bald areas have lower cell growth, more DNA damage, and increased cell death.
research EDA2R Is Associated With Androgenetic Alopecia
EDA2R gene linked to hair loss.
research Genome-Wide Scan and Fine-Mapping Linkage Study of Androgenetic Alopecia Reveals a Locus on Chromosome 3q26
Hair loss gene found on chromosome 3q26.
research Dermal Fibrosis in Male Pattern Hair Loss: A Suggestive Implication of Mast Cells
Mast cells might contribute to hair loss by causing skin thickening.
research Different Patterns of 5α-Reductase Expression, Cellular Distribution, and Testosterone Metabolism in Human Follicular Dermal Papilla Cells
Androgen effects on hair follicles vary by skin area.
research Stem Cell Factor/c-Kit Signaling in Normal and Androgenetic Alopecia Hair Follicles
SCF and c-Kit decrease in AGA hair follicles, possibly affecting hair pigmentation and growth.
research Prostaglandin Metabolism in Human Hair Follicle
Human hair follicles can make and process prostaglandins, which may affect hair growth.
research Dihydrotestosterone-Inducible Dickkopf 1 from Balding Dermal Papilla Cells Causes Apoptosis in Follicular Keratinocytes
A substance called DKK-1 increases in balding areas and causes hair cells to die when exposed to DHT.
research Hormonal Regulation of Hair Follicles Exhibits a Biological Paradox
Androgens can both stimulate and cause hair loss, and understanding their effects is key to treating hair disorders.
research The Effect of 5α-Reductase Inhibition with Dutasteride and Finasteride on Semen Parameters and Serum Hormones in Healthy Men
Dutasteride and finasteride may reduce sperm count and volume but don't affect movement or shape; effects are reversible after stopping.
research Baldness And The Androgen Receptor: The AR Polyglycine Repeat Polymorphism Does Not Confer Susceptibility To Androgenetic Alopecia
AR polyglycine repeat doesn't cause baldness.
research Differences in Expression of Specific Biomarkers Distinguish Human Beard from Scalp Dermal Papilla Cells
Beard and scalp hair cells have different gene expressions, which may affect beard growth characteristics.
research Human Scalp Hair Follicles Are Both a Target and a Source of Prolactin, Which Serves as an Autocrine and/or Paracrine Promoter of Apoptosis-Driven Hair Follicle Regression
Prolactin contributes to hair loss by promoting hair follicle shrinkage and cell death.
research Effect of 5α-Dihydrotestosterone and Testosterone on Apoptosis in Human Dermal Papilla Cells
High levels of testosterone and 5α-DHT can lead to cell death in cells important for hair growth.
research Perifollicular Fibrosis: Pathogenetic Role in Androgenetic Alopecia
Androgen hormones cause hair follicle scarring in hair loss, and finasteride helps reduce it.
research Biology of Estrogens in Skin: Implications for Skin Aging
Estrogens can improve skin aging but carry risks; more research is needed on safer treatments.
research Role of Androgen in Mesenchymal Epithelial Interactions in Human Hair Follicle
Androgens promote beard growth but cause hair loss in androgenetic alopecia, with TGF-β1 as a potential treatment target.
research Prevalence of Male and Female Pattern Hair Loss in Maryborough
Hair loss common in Australia; men affected earlier, more often than Asians; women less concerned.
research Genetic Variation in the Human Androgen Receptor Gene Is the Major Determinant of Common Early-Onset Androgenetic Alopecia
Genetic variation in the androgen receptor gene mainly causes early-onset hair loss, with maternal inheritance playing a key role.
research The E211 G>A Androgen Receptor Polymorphism Is Associated With a Decreased Risk of Metastatic Prostate Cancer and Androgenetic Alopecia
E211 G>A gene linked to lower risk of severe prostate cancer and hair loss.
research Control of Human Hair Growth by Neurotrophins: Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Inhibits Hair Shaft Elongation, Induces Catagen, and Stimulates Follicular Transforming Growth Factor Beta 2 Expression
Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) slows down hair growth and promotes hair follicle regression.
research Apoptosis Coordinates With Proliferation And Differentiation During Human Hair Follicle Morphogenesis
Apoptosis helps shape hair growth and prepares the skin for hair to emerge.
research Androgenetic Alopecia in Children: Report of 20 Cases
AGA can occur in children with family history; early diagnosis and treatment important.
research Different Gene Expression Profile Observed in Dermal Papilla Cells Related to Androgenic Alopecia by DNA Macroarray Analysis
Hair loss in balding individuals is linked to changes in specific hair growth-related genes.
research Family History and Risk of Hair Loss
Men with a family history of hair loss are more likely to experience it themselves, especially if both parents have hair loss.
research Genetic Basis of Male Pattern Baldness
Male pattern baldness is largely genetic, linked to the androgen receptor gene, and may relate to certain health issues.
research Androgenetic Alopecia in Men Aged 40-69 Years: Prevalence and Risk Factors
Hair loss increases with age; alcohol raises risk, more female partners lowers it.
research The Expression of Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 in Follicular Dermal Papillae Correlates with Therapeutic Efficacy of Finasteride in Androgenetic Alopecia
Higher IGF-1 levels in hair follicles link to better finasteride results for hair loss.
research Epidermal Growth Factor as a Biological Switch in Hair Growth Cycle
EGF controls hair growth by regulating hair follicles' growth phases.
research Identification of Androgen-Inducible TGF-β1 Derived from Dermal Papilla Cells as a Key Mediator in Androgenetic Alopecia
TGF-β1 from dermal papilla cells suppresses hair growth, and targeting it may help treat androgenetic alopecia.
research Human Skin Is a Steroidogenic Tissue: Steroidogenic Enzymes and Cofactors Are Expressed in Epidermis, Normal Sebocytes, and an Immortalized Sebocyte Cell Line (SEB-1)
Human skin can produce steroids from cholesterol.
research Transplants from Balding and Hairy Androgenetic Alopecia Scalp Regrow Hair Comparably Well on Immunodeficient Mice
Hair from balding and non-balding areas regrows similarly on mice.
research Analysis of Genetic Polymorphisms of Steroid 5α-Reductase Type 1 and 2 Genes in Korean Men with Androgenetic Alopecia
Gene differences may affect baldness treatment response in Korean men.
research Androgens and Alopecia
Male hormones, particularly DHT, are linked to male pattern hair loss, and treatments like finasteride can help, but they don't work for postmenopausal women's hair loss, which may have different causes.
research Cutaneous Androgen Metabolism: Basic Research And Clinical Perspectives
Creating stronger blockers for skin enzymes might lead to better treatment for conditions like acne and excessive hair growth.
research Androgen-Inducible TGF-β1 from Balding Dermal Papilla Cells Inhibits Epithelial Cell Growth: A Clue to Understanding Paradoxical Effects of Androgen on Human Hair Growth
Androgens may cause hair loss by increasing TGF-beta1 from scalp cells, which inhibits hair cell growth.
research Steroid Sulfatase in the Human Hair Follicle Concentrates in the Dermal Papilla
Steroid sulfatase in hair follicles may be a target for treating hair loss.
research 5α-Reductase Activity in the Prostate
Blocking the enzyme 5α-reductase can shrink the prostate and help treat enlarged prostate issues.
research Possible Mechanisms of Miniaturization During Androgenetic Alopecia or Pattern Hair Loss
Hair loss occurs due to fewer papillary cells, smaller follicles, and shorter growth phases.
research The Prevalence and Types of Androgenetic Alopecia in Korean Men and Women
AGA more common in men, Koreans have lower rates and unique patterns.
research Sebocytes Are the Key Regulators of Androgen Homeostasis in Human Skin
Sebocytes play a key role in controlling androgen levels in human skin.
research The Chemotactic Effect of a Dermal Papilla Cell-Derived Factor on Outer Root Sheath Cells
IGF-I and HGF attract and stimulate hair follicle cells to move.
research Polymorphism of the Androgen Receptor Gene Is Associated with Male Pattern Baldness
Male pattern baldness is linked to specific genetic variations in the androgen receptor gene.
research Androgenetic Alopecia in Men and Women
Androgenetic alopecia involves genetics, hormones, and can be treated with medications or surgery.
research Control of Hair Growth and Follicle Size by VEGF-Mediated Angiogenesis
VEGF helps hair grow and determines follicle size by increasing blood vessel growth.
research Hair Density, Hair Diameter, and the Prevalence of Female Pattern Hair Loss
FPHL affects hair density and diameter, causing visible hair loss in older women.
research Biochemical Roles of Testosterone and Epitestosterone to 5α-Reductase as Indicators of Male-Pattern Baldness
High testosterone to epitestosterone ratio in hair could predict male-pattern baldness.
research Early Androgenetic Alopecia as a Marker of Insulin Resistance
Early hair loss may indicate risk of insulin resistance.
research Effects of Sex Steroid Deprivation and Administration on Hair Growth and Skin Sebum Production in Transsexual Males and Females
Hormone treatments in transsexual individuals reduce hair growth and oil production in male-to-females and increase them in female-to-males.
research Lack of Androgen Receptor Transcriptional Activity in Human Keratinocytes
Human keratinocytes do not naturally respond to androgens.
research Androgenetic Alopecia in Heterozygous Carriers of a Mutation in the Human Hairless Gene
Mutation in hairless gene may increase hair loss risk.
research Androgenetic Alopecia in the Stump-Tailed Macaque
research Male-Pattern Baldness in Men with X-Linked Recessive Ichthyosis
Men with X-linked recessive ichthyosis can still experience male-pattern baldness.
research An X-Linked Gene Involved in Androgenetic Alopecia: A Lesson to Be Learned from Adrenoleukodystrophy
Gene linked to common hair loss found, may lead to new treatments.
research Male-Pattern Hair Loss in Norwegian Men: A Community-Based Study
Hair loss common in Norwegian men, affecting self-esteem and life quality.
research Differences in Hair Follicle Dermal Papilla Volume Are Due to Extracellular Matrix Volume and Cell Number: Implications for the Control of Hair Follicle Size and Androgen Responses
Hair follicle size is mainly influenced by the number of cells and extracellular matrix volume, with cell number having a larger impact.
research Androgenetic Alopecia: In Vivo Models
Stump-tailed macaque best for researching hair loss causes and treatments.
research Treatment of Hair Loss
Finasteride and minoxidil are effective for hair loss, but continued research is needed for better treatments.
research Immunohistochemical Localization of Types 1 and 2 5α-Reductase in Human Scalp
The study found that two enzymes linked to hair loss are located in different parts of the scalp, supporting a common treatment's effectiveness.
research The mRNA for Protease Nexin-1 is Expressed in Human Dermal Papilla Cells and its Level is Affected by Androgen
Human skin cells contain Protease Nexin-1, and male hormones can decrease its levels, potentially affecting hair growth.
research Serum Androgens and Genetic Linkage Analysis in Early Onset Androgenetic Alopecia
Early onset hair loss linked to genetics and androgen levels.
research Analysis of Apoptotic Cell Death in Human Hair Follicles In Vivo and In Vitro
Apoptosis in hair follicles varies by growth phase, with TGF-β possibly starting the catagen phase.
research Prevalence of Male Pattern Hair Loss in 18–49 Year Old Men
Hair loss is more common in men aged 18-49 and increases with age.
research Finasteride in the Treatment of Men with Androgenetic Alopecia
Finasteride safely and effectively treats male pattern hair loss, but may cause reversible sexual issues and harm male fetuses.
research Fortnightly Review: Male Pattern Androgenetic Alopecia
Hair loss in men is common, treatable, but not curable.
research Androgen Receptor Polymorphisms (CAG Repeat Lengths) in Androgenetic Alopecia, Hirsutism, and Acne
Shorter CAG repeats may cause hair and skin issues, while longer ones may link to acne.
research Genetic Analysis of Male Pattern Baldness and the 5α-Reductase Genes
Male pattern baldness is likely caused by multiple genes, not just 5α-reductase genes.
research Association of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia with Male Pattern Baldness
Men with enlarged prostates often have more severe baldness.
research Hair Regrowth
Finasteride and minoxidil are effective for hair regrowth, while treatments for alopecia areata have varying success and continuous treatment is necessary.
research Balding Hair Follicle Dermal Papilla Cells Contain Higher Levels of Androgen Receptors Than Those From Non-Balding Scalp
Cells from balding scalps have more androgen receptors than cells from non-balding scalps.
research Different Levels of 5α-Reductase Type I and II, Aromatase, and Androgen Receptor in Hair Follicles of Women and Men with Androgenetic Alopecia
People with hair loss have more androgen receptors and enzymes in certain follicles, with men and women showing different patterns.
research Tamoxifen-Induced Female Androgenetic Alopecia in a Patient with Breast Cancer
Tamoxifen caused hair loss in a 52-year-old woman.
research Growth Factors in Hair Organ Development and the Hair Growth Cycle
Growth factors are crucial for hair development and could help treat hair diseases.
research Androgen Metabolism as It Affects Hair Growth in Androgenetic Alopecia
Too much androgen can cause hair loss; finasteride may help.
research Regulation of Human Dermal Papilla Cell Production of Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein-3 by Retinoic Acid, Glucocorticoids, and Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1
Retinoic acid, glucocorticoids, and IGF1 increase IGFBP-3 production in human dermal papilla cells, affecting hair growth.
research Growth Factor and Growth Factor Receptor Localization in the Hair Follicle Bulge and Associated Tissue in Human Fetus
research A Comparison of the Culture and Growth of Dermal Papilla Cells from Hair Follicles from Non-Balding and Balding (Androgenetic Alopecia) Scalp
research The 5 Alpha-Reductase System and Its Inhibitors
5 alpha-reductase inhibitors, like finasteride, are used to treat conditions like prostate issues and skin disorders.
research Androgen Induction of Follicular Epithelial Cell Growth Is Mediated via Insulin-like Growth Factor-I from Dermal Papilla Cells
Male hormones promote hair cell growth by using a growth factor from nearby skin cells.
research Androgenetic Alopecia: An Autosomal Dominant Disorder
Hair loss in androgenetic alopecia is caused by genetic factors and androgen excess, and can be treated with combined therapies.
research Alterations in Androgen Conjugate Levels in Women and Men with Alopecia
People with hair loss may have different levels of certain hormones due to changes in hormone processing.
research Epithelial-Stromal Interactions in Basal Cell Cancer: The PDGF System
research Effects of Epidermal Growth Factor on the Morphology and Patterns of DNA Synthesis in Isolated Human Hair Follicles
EGF makes hair follicles grow longer but stops hair production.
research Organization and Expression of Hair Follicle Genes
research The Control of Hair Growth: An Overview
Hair growth is influenced by interactions between skin layers, growth factors, and hormones, but the exact mechanisms are not fully understood.
research Soluble Factors From Human Hair Papilla Cells And Dermal Fibroblasts Dramatically Increase The Clonal Growth Of Outer Root Sheath Cells
research Diagnostic and Predictive Value of Horizontal Sections of Scalp Biopsy Specimens in Male Pattern Androgenetic Alopecia
Horizontal scalp biopsy sections effectively diagnose and predict MPAA, with follicular density and inflammation impacting hair regrowth.
research Fibroblast Growth Factor Influences the Development and Cycling of Murine Hair Follicles
bFGF delays hair growth in mice.
research Cultured Dermal Papilla Cells From Androgen-Dependent Human Hair Follicles Contain More Androgen Receptors Than Those From Non-Balding Areas Of Scalp
Beard hair follicles have more androgen receptors than non-balding scalp hair follicles.
research Steroid Chemistry and Hormone Controls During the Hair Follicle Cycle
Differences in enzyme activity and androgen receptors in hair follicles may explain why hair loss appears differently in men and women.
research Natural Progression of Male Pattern Baldness in Young Men
Young men with male pattern baldness lose hair density over time without treatment.
research TGF-Alpha Is Widely Expressed in Differentiated as Well as Hyperproliferative Skin Epithelium
research The Transverse Anatomy of Androgenic Alopecia
The study found that horizontal sections of scalp biopsies are better for analyzing hair loss, showing fewer hairs and more fine hairs in balding areas.
research Plasma C19 Steroid Sulfate Levels and Indices of Androgen Bioavailability in Female Pattern Androgenic Alopecia
Women with female pattern hair loss have higher levels of certain androgens, suggesting increased androgen exposure to hair follicles.
research Epitestosterone—An Endogenous Antiandrogen?
Epitestosterone may act as a weak antiandrogen and can inhibit an enzyme involved in testosterone metabolism.
research Increased Androgen Binding Capacity in Sebaceous Glands in Scalp of Male-Pattern Baldness
Men with male-pattern baldness have more androgen receptors in their scalp's oil glands, which may contribute to hair loss.
research The Comparative Histopathology of Male-Pattern Baldness and Senescent Baldness
The understanding of male-pattern baldness remains unclear.
research Delta 5-3 Beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Activity in Sebaceous Glands of Scalp in Male-Pattern Baldness
research Effects of Epidermal Growth Factor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Minoxidil, and Hydrocortisone on Growth Kinetics in Human Hair Bulb Papilla Cells and Root Sheath Fibroblasts Cultured In Vitro
EGF and FGF boost hair cell growth, hydrocortisone slows it, and minoxidil doesn't affect it.
research Serum Elevation of Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate Associated with Male Pattern Baldness in Young Men
High DHEA-S levels may cause hair loss in young men.
research Thyroid And Gonadal Regulation Of Hair Growth During The Seasonal Molt In The Male European Badger, Meles Meles L
Thyroid and gonadal hormones control seasonal hair growth and molting in male European badgers.
research Comparison of Epidermal Growth Factor Binding and Receptor Distribution in Normal Human Epidermis and Epidermal Appendages
research The Inheritance Of Common Baldness: To Be Or Not To Be?
Common baldness is likely inherited through multiple genes, not just one.
research Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin and Saliva Testosterone Levels in Men with Androgenetic Alopecia
Men with hair loss have lower SHBG and higher saliva testosterone levels, suggesting increased androgen activity.
research Classification of the Types of Androgenetic Alopecia (Common Baldness) Occurring in the Female Sex
Common baldness, also known as Androgenetic Alopecia, is caused by a combination of genetic factors and hormones called androgens.
research Testosterone Metabolism in the Skin
Increased DHT formation in skin can cause hair loss, acne, and excessive hair growth, and antiandrogens might treat these conditions.
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5 / 5 resultsresearch Hormonal and Genetic Etiology of Male Androgenetic Alopecia
research Alopecia Areata With White Hair Regrowth: Case Report and Review of Poliosis
White hair regrowth in alopecia areata may be more common than thought.
research Relation Between Dermal Papilla Cells and Androgenetic Alopecia
Dermal papilla cells play a key role in hair loss by responding to androgens.
research Turban PUVASOL: An Effective Treatment in Alopecia Totalis
PUVASOL might effectively treat complete scalp baldness.
research Clinical Updates in Hair
Most treatments for hair loss in 1997 were not effective for most people, and maintaining hair growth was difficult.