947 citations
,
February 2004 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Most women with excess male hormones have Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, and hormonal therapy can improve symptoms but may cause side effects.
8 citations
,
April 2020 in “Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America” Minoxidil, finasteride, and low-level laser light therapy are effective FDA-approved treatments for hair loss.
5 citations
,
October 2010 in “General and Comparative Endocrinology” Flutamide and finasteride reduced sex hormones in pregnant hyenas, but increased them in males.
December 2020 in “Current Sexual Health Reports” Finasteride can have lasting negative effects on brain function and behavior by disrupting neurosteroid production.
November 2025 in “Cancers” Men with male pattern baldness may have a slightly higher risk of prostate cancer.
2 citations
,
January 2019 in “BMC Cancer” Baldness may lower the risk of testicular cancer.
January 2021 in “Medicine Science | International Medical Journal” Men with early hair loss may have higher health risks similar to women with PCOS.
August 2003 in “Oncology Times” The trial on testosterone replacement therapy in older men faced concerns due to prostate cancer risk.
222 citations
,
October 1993 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” Hair loss affects women's mental health more than men's, causing anxiety, low self-esteem, and social insecurity.
January 2024 in “JEADV clinical practice” Gender-affirming dermatology treatments generally improve mental well-being for transgender individuals, but more research is needed.
29 citations
,
February 2016 in “Scandinavian journal of urology” Late puberty may slightly lower prostate cancer risk, baldness is not linked to overall risk but less so with aggressive types, ibuprofen use may increase risk, and vitamins show no effect on risk.
January 2025 in “Open Science Framework” Nutritional interventions can help restore balance in male health by targeting oxidative stress and hormonal issues.
January 2025 in “HORMONES” Gender-affirming hormone treatments need better patient-focused outcome measurements and standardized data collection.
11 citations
,
January 2017 in “Journal of Endocrinology/Journal of endocrinology” Female mice with disrupted 5α-reductase 1 had significant metabolic issues, including stress response problems, insulin resistance, liver fat buildup, and obesity.
2 citations
,
September 2012 in “Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas” Societal pressure for the perfect body leads to health risks and disorders.
2 citations
,
October 2016 in “European Neuropsychopharmacology”
3 citations
,
November 2018 in “The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry” Odds Ratios can be misleading; it's better to also present risk and Relative Risks for clarity.
7 citations
,
March 2000 in “CRC Press eBooks”
October 2010 in “Journal of Men's Health” Some patients may experience lasting sexual dysfunction, depression, and other side effects from 5α-reductase inhibitor therapy.
40 citations
,
July 2008 in “Drug Discovery Today” Current treatments for male pattern baldness include minoxidil and finasteride, with new options being developed.
28 citations
,
May 2015 in “Addiction Biology” Prenatal stress changes how male and female rats enjoy rewards differently, linked to sex hormones.
May 2023 in “IntechOpen eBooks” More research is needed to understand how testosterone is maintained in adult males.
January 2003 in “Zhonghua shiyan waike zazhi” Androgen, especially DHT, is crucial for erectile function in rats by affecting specific brain neurons.
May 2024 in “Journal of cosmetic dermatology” Low HDL-C, uric acid, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D are risk factors for early-onset male hair loss.
6 citations
,
January 2003 in “Dermatology” Men with X-linked recessive ichthyosis often experience male-pattern baldness.
April 2026 in “Dermatology and Therapy” Personalized hair loss treatments are needed for transgender individuals, but more research is required.
27 citations
,
March 2013 in “Social Semiotics” Commercial hair loss websites promote Propecia by making men feel insecure about baldness and suggesting it's a medical issue needing treatment.
January 2006 in “Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature”