81 citations
,
May 2007 in “Fertility and Sterility” Testosterone therapy seems safe for postmenopausal women for a few years, but more research is needed for long-term effects.
60 citations
,
November 2009 in “General and Comparative Endocrinology” Fadrozole and finasteride change gene expression related to sex hormones and thyroid hormones in frog larvae development.
58 citations
,
October 1993 in “International Journal of Dermatology” Minoxidil helps hair growth and reduces shedding in women.
44 citations
,
April 2015 in “PubMed” Finasteride for hair loss may cause long-lasting side effects like impotence and low libido, but trials lack proper safety reporting.
41 citations
,
December 2016 in “International Journal of Women's Dermatology” Hormone therapy and surgeries for transgender individuals affect their skin and hair, requiring specific dermatologic treatments and respectful care.
35 citations
,
May 2022 in “Baillière's best practice and research in clinical endocrinology and metabolism/Baillière's best practice & research. Clinical endocrinology & metabolism” Androgens like testosterone are important hormones for both men and women, made differently in each sex and affecting the body by regulating genes and quick interactions with cell components.
31 citations
,
January 1995 in “The American journal of medicine” Testosterone and dihydrotestosterone play a role in women's health issues like excess hair and baldness, and treatments blocking these hormones may help.
25 citations
,
July 2013 in “Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry” Spironolactone harms fish reproduction and is more potent in fish than invertebrates, needing environmental monitoring.
23 citations
,
December 2004 in “Differentiation” Sex hormones affect hair and feather growth and may help manage alopecia and hormone-dependent cancers.
15 citations
,
December 2019 in “Aesthetic Surgery Journal” Most insurance companies do not cover extra gender-affirming surgeries, with coverage being low and inconsistent.
9 citations
,
January 2007 in “Endocrine Practice” A woman's male-like symptoms and high testosterone were due to ovarian hilus-cell hyperplasia, which improved after surgery.
8 citations
,
February 2014 in “General and Comparative Endocrinology” Finasteride affects frog testes by increasing testosterone, decreasing 5α-DHT, and impacting genes related to reproduction and other functions.
4 citations
,
July 2021 in “Dermatology and therapy” Hormone therapy increases facial and body hair in transgender men, while hair removal improves well-being in transgender women, but cost is a barrier as insurance often doesn't cover it. Dermatologists can use various treatments for these hair issues.
1 citations
,
January 2016 in “Georg Thieme Verlag eBooks” The document concludes that ideal facial proportions are guided by specific measurements and symmetry to enhance beauty, but individual characteristics must be considered.
The US Military supports transgender health care, but many needed skin procedures aren't covered by insurance.
May 2024 in “Scientific Reports” Androgen receptors in the mouse brain may explain cognitive and mood changes in prostate cancer treatment.
July 2021 in “Advances in laboratory medicine” Diagnosing sex development disorders requires combining medical history, physical exams, imaging, lab tests, and genetic data.
November 2013 in “John Wiley & Sons, Ltd eBooks” The document concludes that accurate diagnosis of male and female gonadal disorders is crucial for effective treatment and better patient outcomes.
April 2008 in “Obstetrics, gynaecology and reproductive medicine” Hirsutism is often caused by high male hormone levels and can be treated with lifestyle changes and medications.
6 citations
,
September 2020 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” Severe male balding may increase the risk of serious COVID-19, and treatments that reduce androgens or block a specific enzyme might help protect these individuals.
50 citations
,
May 2018 in “International journal of cardiology” Testosterone is linked to cardiovascular risk factors and stroke, but its exact role is unclear.
October 2008 in “The Journal of Urology” Finasteride reduces prostate cancer risk but may increase high-grade tumors and has side effects; biopsy methods have similar outcomes; psychosocial factors affect sexual recovery post-surgery.
26 citations
,
August 2014 in “PubMed” Testosterone improves mood and thinking skills; finasteride has no effect.
January 2026 in “JCEM Case Reports” Genetics may play a significant role in gender dysphoria.
17 citations
,
January 2016 in “American Journal of Epidemiology” Men with male pattern baldness have a higher risk of dying from prostate cancer.
July 2012 in “The Journal of Urology” Testosterone increases muscle mass regardless of DHT conversion blocking.
April 2025 in “The Journal of Urology” Long-term finasteride use may lower prostate cancer risk but increase the need for erectile dysfunction medication.
3 citations
,
March 2021 in “Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology” The letter is skeptical about the effectiveness of anti-androgen therapy for COVID-19 and calls for strong evidence from clinical trials.
3 citations
,
October 2022 in “Hormone and Metabolic Research” Male hormones may increase the severity and death rates of COVID-19.
March 2025 in “Journal of Clinical Medicine” Frontal fibrosing alopecia in men is often misdiagnosed and needs better diagnostic criteria and treatment strategies.