27 citations
,
February 2005 in “Journal of Cellular Biochemistry” Male cells need DHT to respond to testosterone, while female cells do not.
24 citations
,
December 2016 in “Psychiatric Clinics of North America” Transgender women can develop feminine traits and improve their quality of life through hormone therapy and surgery, but results vary and access to surgery can be limited.
Antiandrogens and finasteride may help treat excess hair and hair loss in women.
26 citations
,
November 1993 in “Progress in Neuro-psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry” Treatment during development affects hormone balance and sexual behavior in male rats.
19 citations
,
October 2017 in “The FASEB Journal” Male hormones cause different growth in identical human hair follicles due to their unique epigenetic characteristics.
124 citations
,
March 2012 in “JAMA” Testosterone's muscle-building effects do not require its conversion to DHT.
23 citations
,
August 2005 in “Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy” New treatments for low male hormones improved sexual function and mood but had unclear risks, especially for older men.
35 citations
,
November 1989 in “Journal of steroid biochemistry/Journal of Steroid Biochemistry” Epitestosterone may act as a weak antiandrogen and can inhibit an enzyme involved in testosterone metabolism.
26 citations
,
January 2020 in “Przegląd Menopauzalny” Menopausal women have higher androgen levels, which can cause symptoms like facial hair growth and low sexual desire.
January 2014 in “European Geriatric Medicine” A postmenopausal woman's virilization was caused by a rare ovarian tumor that was hard to detect but was successfully treated with surgery.
83 citations
,
December 2004 in “American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology”
Finasteride improves hair but may reduce sperm quality at higher doses.
9 citations
,
February 2020 in “International Journal of Endocrinology” Some men with early hair loss may have a male version of PCOS, affecting hormones and increasing health risks.
January 2026 in “Journal of Sexual and Mental Health” New male contraceptive pills show promise in reducing sperm production with mild side effects.
November 2024 in “Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care” 5 alpha reductase inhibitors can cause sexual, cognitive, and muscle side effects, and may slightly increase aggressive cancer risk.
December 1981 in “Pediatric Research”
34 citations
,
February 1993 in “Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology/The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology” Certain 4-azasteroids are effective at blocking the enzyme that processes testosterone in human skin and could help treat acne, excessive hair growth, and male pattern baldness.
658 citations
,
June 2003 in “Endocrine reviews” Male hormones may play a role in the development of heart disease, and more research is needed to understand their effects.
23 citations
,
July 2015 in “The Journal of Membrane Biology” Testosterone increases certain proteins in the uterus, reducing fluid volume.
Testosterone undecanoate can reduce the negative effects of Finasteride on male reproductive health.
13 citations
,
August 2020 in “Der Hautarzt” Excessive male hormones in women cause symptoms like unwanted hair growth, and treatment requires careful medical evaluation.
8 citations
,
March 2012 in “The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology” Testosterone and dihydrotestosterone have similar effects on body composition and metabolic health in men.
14 citations
,
August 1943 in “Archives of Dermatology” Applying estradiol to skin causes local changes but not cancer.
2 citations
,
July 2017 in “Oman medical journal” A man with a rare adrenal cancer showed unusual symptoms and died four months after diagnosis.
March 2010 in “The Journal of Urology” Hair loss, prostate size, and urinary issues are related due to androgen effects.
2 citations
,
March 2018 in “Current Opinion in Urology” 5-alpha reductase inhibitors can cause sexual, neurologic, endocrine, and cardiovascular side effects, but these are rare and usually stop after ending treatment.
40 citations
,
January 1994 in “Skin Pharmacology and Physiology” Male hormones affect oil-producing skin cells differently based on their body location, and the drug spironolactone can reduce these effects.
12 citations
,
October 2004 in “Experimental Gerontology” Changes in testosterone and estrogen receptor genes can affect how men age, influencing body fat, hair patterns, and possibly leading to skin disorders.
7 citations
,
April 2000 in “Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine” January 2013 in “Journal of Endocrinology and Diabetes Mellitus” Cushing syndrome often causes low testosterone and sexual issues in men.