248 citations
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April 1988 in “Differentiation” Human and bovine hair follicles have distinct cytokeratins specific to hair-forming cells.
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August 2010 in “Nature” Scientists turned rat thymus cells into stem cells that can help repair skin and hair.
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July 2006 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” K25, K27, and K28 are found in all inner root sheath layers of hair, while K26 is only in the cuticle.
53 citations
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August 2019 in “American journal of human genetics” FOXN1 gene variants cause low T cells and immune issues from birth.
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October 1982 in “Journal of applied polymer science” Moisture content significantly affects how human hair breaks.
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December 2017 in “Journal of Intensive Care” Lithium poisoning can cause severe health complications and requires careful monitoring.
5 citations
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January 2022 in “PloS one” Deleting the p63 gene in certain cells causes problems in thymus development and severe hair loss in mice.
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July 2010 in “Journal of life sciences” Gray hair has more continuous medullation and a higher medullary diameter than black hair.
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November 1996 in “European journal of endocrinology” Spironolactone may help treat excessive hair growth in girls, but more research is needed.
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November 2022 in “DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)” Male and female human hairs have different microscopic structures that can help in forensic analysis.
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June 2012 in “Revista de la Escuela de Medicina Legal” Microscopes are essential for telling apart human and animal hair in criminal investigations.
January 2025 in “Science World Journal” Male and female scalp hair differ in size, density, length, curliness, pigmentation, and cuticle preservation.
January 1963 in “Stain technology” Ziehl-Neelsen's stain helps identify different parts of hair in sheep and goats.
November 2024 in “Journal of Microscopy” Human hair varies in structure based on curl type, with high curl hair showing the most differences.
October 2024 in “BMC Genomics” Understanding hair follicle development can help improve cashmere quality.
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March 2002 in “Scanning” Confocal microscopy is better than scanning electron microscopy for studying hair in its natural state and understanding hair products' effects.
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January 2012 in “Journal of cell science” Rac1 is essential for proper hair structure and color.
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June 2000 in “Development” Notch pathway activation causes abnormal hair layer development.
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May 1993 in “The Journal of Cell Biology” Trichohyalin in sheep hair follicles may help with structure and calcium binding.
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June 2005 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” PAD enzymes play a key role in hair growth and structure.
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February 1992 in “Development” Type II keratin genes are crucial for hair follicle differentiation and have a conserved structure and expression pattern.
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November 1963 in “Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry” Arginine converts to citrulline in hair follicles as proteins harden.
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January 2011 in “Journal of Biomedical Optics” Infrared and Raman imaging can non-destructively analyze hair structure and help diagnose hair conditions.
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July 2000 in “PubMed” Hair has unevenly distributed proteins and lipids, with lipids mainly in the cuticle and proteins in the cortex and medulla.
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December 1990 in “Journal of Biological Chemistry” Two specific genes are more active during hair growth in mice.
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December 1973 in “Biochemical Journal” Guinea-pig hair and follicle proteins are mostly similar, but follicles have more group 2 proteins and fewer group 3 and 4 proteins.
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January 1981 Hair is mostly made of three protein types: helical, high-sulfur, and high-tyrosine.
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July 1964 in “PubMed” Hair follicle cells become four types: medulla, cortex, cuticle, and inner root sheath.
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August 2014 in “Lipids” Human hair has more unsaturated fats inside than on the surface, and certain lipids may help bind the outer and inner layers together.
18 citations
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August 2009 in “Skin Research and Technology” OCT can identify hair structures, but chemical treatments can damage them.