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GlossaryMemory T Cells

cells that remember past infections for faster future responses

Memory T Cells, also known as Memory T Lymphocytes, are a type of immune cell that "remembers" past infections. After an initial encounter with a pathogen, these cells persist in the body and can quickly mount a strong immune response if the same pathogen is encountered again, providing long-term immunity. This is crucial for the effectiveness of vaccines and the body's ability to fight off repeated infections.

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research 068 Pathogenic Th17 cells, CD8+CD69+CD49a- tissue-resident memory T cells and common γ chain receptor + natural killer cells express more IL-17, compared to IFN-γ, under the foxp3+ memory regulatory T cells-depleted microenvironment in patients with chronic alopecia areata

April 2023 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

IL-17 plays a key role in severe hair loss in chronic alopecia areata.

research 060 Heterogeneity and lineage development of memory CD8+ T cells after viral infection of skin

July 2022 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

research Generation of autoreactive CD8 T cell in a mouse model of alopecia areata

May 2023 in “The Journal of Immunology”

Alopecia areata involves unique activation of certain immune cells.

research Predominant expression of interleukin (IL)‐17 in chronic alopecia areata compared to IFN‐γ in pathogenic Th17 cells, tissue‐resident memory T cells and natural killer cells

3 citations , January 2023 in “JEADV Clinical Practice”

IL-17 is more important than IFN-γ in causing severe hair loss in chronic alopecia areata.

research 042 Characterization of Pathogenic CD8+ T Cells in an adoptive transfer Mouse Model of Alopecia Areata in C3H/HeJ mice

November 2025 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

Certain CD8+ T cells attack hair follicles in alopecia areata, suggesting they could be targeted for treatment.

research 083 More Expression of IL-17 than IFN-γ from CD49a-negative Tissue-Resident Memory T (Trm) cells at the Hair Bulge and Hair Bulb Region in the Scalp of Chronic Alopecia Areata Patients according to the Foxp3+mTregs depletion

September 2019 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

IL-17 and certain immune cells are linked to more severe alopecia areata.

research Skin CD4+ memory T cells exhibit combined cluster-mediated retention and equilibration with the circulation

155 citations , May 2016 in “Nature communications”

Memory T cells in the skin balance staying put and moving into the blood, clustering around hair follicles, and increasing in number after infection.

research Possible Involvement of Skin‐Resident Memory T Cells in Refractory Chronic Alopecia Areata

January 2026 in “Experimental Dermatology”

Skin-resident memory T cells may contribute to chronic alopecia areata and baricitinib could be a potential treatment.

research 470 Exploring the possible involvement of skin-resident memory T cells in refractory chronic alopecia areata

November 2025 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

Chronic refractory alopecia areata has more skin-resident memory T cells, and JAK inhibitors may help reduce them.

research SOCS3 treatment prevents the development of alopecia areata by inhibiting CD8+ T cell-mediated autoimmune destruction

16 citations , March 2017 in “Oncotarget”

SOCS3 treatment can prevent hair loss by stopping harmful immune responses.

research Predominance of CD27-PD-1- Effector Memory T Cells Re-Expressing CD45RA Characterizes Treatment-Resistant Severe Alopecia Areata

2 citations , June 2025 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

CD8+ T cells re-expressing CD45RA may predict treatment resistance in severe alopecia areata.

research CXCR3 Blockade Inhibits T Cell Migration into the Skin and Prevents Development of Alopecia Areata

64 citations , July 2016 in “Journal of Immunology”

Blocking the CXCR3 receptor reduces T cell accumulation in the skin and prevents hair loss in mice.

research Frontal fibrosing alopecia shows robust T helper 1 and Janus kinase 3 skewing

34 citations , June 2020 in “British journal of dermatology/British journal of dermatology, Supplement”

Frontal fibrosing alopecia is linked to increased immune system activity and reduced stem cells, suggesting early treatment targeting this pathway might prevent hair follicle damage.

research 058 Subset analysis of NKG2D+ cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells

April 2023 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

The study suggests that a specific type of immune cell, memory-like NK cells, may increase during active hair loss in Alopecia areata.

research Virtual memory is a big hairy deal

July 2023 in “Nature Immunology”

CD8+ virtual memory T cells may cause hair loss in alopecia areata.

research Single-cell sequencing combined with spatial transcriptomics reveals the characteristics of follicle-targeted inflammation patterns in primary cicatricial alopecia

July 2025 in “Cell & Bioscience”

Specific immune cells and pathways contribute to hair follicle inflammation and hair loss, suggesting potential treatments for lichen planopilaris.

research Dormant tumor cells in ret transgenic mouse melanoma model and their interaction with memory T cells

January 2012 in “heiDOK (Heidelberg University)”

Dormant melanoma cells in mice interact minimally with memory T cells due to a suppressive tumor environment.

research Identification of Immune Microenvironment Changes, Immune-Related Pathways and Genes in Male Androgenetic Alopecia

March 2023 in “Research Square (Research Square)”

Immune changes and specific genes contribute to male hair loss.

research 046 Analysing the mechanistic basis of Ritlecitinib’s therapeutic effects in Alopecia Areata

November 2025 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

Ritlecitinib effectively treats severe Alopecia Areata by reducing harmful immune activity in the skin.

research Developing human fetal skin demonstrates a unique lymphocyte signature

1 citations , June 2020 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)”

Fetal skin has unique immune cells different from adult skin.

research SnapshotDx Quiz: March 2016

February 2016 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

JAK inhibitors may help treat alopecia areata by reversing hair loss.

research Inhibiting Janus kinases to treat alopecia areata

52 citations , September 2014 in “Nature medicine”

JAK inhibitors might help treat alopecia areata.

research iNKT cells ameliorate human autoimmunity: Lessons from alopecia areata

27 citations , April 2018 in “Journal of autoimmunity”

iNKT cells can help prevent and treat alopecia areata by promoting hair regrowth.

research Editors’ Picks

December 2023 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

A specific type of immune cell plays a key role in causing alopecia areata and could be a target for treatment.

Multimodal Profiling Reveals Site-Specific Adaptation and Tissue Residency Hallmarks of Gamma Delta T Cells Across Organs in Mice

research Multimodal profiling reveals site-specific adaptation and tissue residency hallmarks of γδ T cells across organs in mice

23 citations , January 2024 in “Nature Immunology”

γδ T cells adapt uniquely to different tissues in mice.

research Cutting Edge: Memory Regulatory T Cells Require IL-7 and Not IL-2 for Their Maintenance in Peripheral Tissues

140 citations , March 2013 in “The journal of immunology/The Journal of immunology”

Memory regulatory T cells need IL-7, not IL-2, to stay in peripheral tissues.

research Local heroes or villains: tissue-resident memory T cells in human health and disease

67 citations , January 2020 in “Cellular & Molecular Immunology/Cellular & molecular immunology”

Tissue-resident memory T cells can protect against infections and cancer but may also contribute to autoimmune diseases.

research 586 Increase in CD8+ effector memory cells re-expressing CD45RA (TEMRA) reflects disease activity and enables early prediction of therapeutic outcome in rapidly progressive alopecia areata

April 2023 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

Increased TEMRA cells can predict treatment outcomes in rapidly progressive alopecia areata.

research Hair follicle–derived IL-7 and IL-15 mediate skin-resident memory T cell homeostasis and lymphoma

245 citations , October 2015 in “Nature medicine”

Hair follicle-derived IL-7 and IL-15 are crucial for maintaining skin-resident memory T cells and could be targeted for treating skin diseases and lymphoma.

research Effective Role of Cytotoxic CD8+ T Cell in Iraqi Alopecia areata Patients

2 citations , June 2024 in “Medical Journal of Babylon”

Higher CD8+ T cell levels are linked to Alopecia areata in Iraqi patients.