May 2013 in “Trends in Urology & Men's Health” Male-pattern hair loss is normal, often involves hormone effects on hair follicles, and can be treated with medication or surgery, but new treatments are being researched.
10 citations
,
January 2001 in “PubMed” Laminin, type IV collagen, and fibronectin help develop skin and hair structures in embryos.
13 citations
,
December 1983 in “Canadian journal of zoology” Heterotypic cell contacts likely help hair matrix cells differentiate during mouse hair follicle development.
133 citations
,
February 2019 in “PLoS Biology” Feather patterns in birds are shaped by signaling interactions and cell movements, with EDA/EDAR crucial for pattern formation.
22 citations
,
November 2007 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings” Hair growth and health are influenced by stress and hormones.
2 citations
,
April 2020 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)” The skin's basement membrane is specially designed to support different types of connections between skin layers and hair follicles.
44 citations
,
May 2008 in “Acta Zoologica” Keratinization in embryos helped vertebrates adapt to land by forming a protective skin barrier.
77 citations
,
April 2004 in “Gene expression patterns” The three estrogen receptor genes are highly expressed in zebrafish neuromasts during development.
April 2019 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Calcium signals and SHH guide the direction of feather growth in chicken skin.
238 citations
,
October 1994 in “Current opinion in genetics & development” The document concludes that recent research has improved understanding of skin diseases and the balance between cell growth and differentiation in the epidermis.
31 citations
,
September 2016 in “PLoS ONE” Cell division orientation varies by body site and is linked to epidermal thickness and cell density.
12 citations
,
August 2007 in “Human Molecular Genetics” Lymphotoxin-β is crucial for proper skin development in embryos.
January 2006 in “Chinese Journal of Dermatology” Mesenchymal cells are essential for hair follicle stem cell growth.
Whiskers can form without sensory nerves or Foxd1, thanks to Meis2 in mesenchymal cells.
5 citations
,
February 2014 in “PloS one” Eyelid cells share signaling components but differ in pathway activity.
35 citations
,
May 2021 in “Nature communications” The skin's basement membrane has specialized structures and molecules for different tissue interactions, important for hair growth and attachment.
10 citations
,
August 2023 in “The EMBO Journal” Kdm6b is crucial for skin cell differentiation.
March 2015 in “Plastic and reconstructive surgery” Human skin has multiple layers and functions, with key roles in protection, temperature control, and appearance.
June 2016 in “Experimental Dermatology” Changing hair follicle identity could potentially reverse balding.
January 2007 in “Elsevier eBooks” Alopecia areata is a reversible, autoimmune-related hair loss that can have significant emotional impact and uncertain treatment effectiveness.
16 citations
,
January 2005 in “The International Journal of Developmental Biology” Hex gene plays a crucial role in starting feather development in chick embryos.
19 citations
,
April 2015 in “Developmental Dynamics” The conclusion is that skin and hair patterns are formed by a mix of cell activities, molecular signals, and environmental factors.
6 citations
,
December 2011 in “Nature” The circadian clock in skin cells controls their growth and rest cycles.
17 citations
,
December 2006 in “Gene Expression Patterns” Scube3 gene affects mouse embryo growth in multiple areas, but needs more research.
51 citations
,
May 2021 in “Nature Communications” High proliferation and cell delamination drive early skin development, while later stages may not rely on cell division orientation.
1 citations
,
September 2025 in “PLoS ONE” Actin and alpha-smooth muscle actin help skin heal in mouse fetuses.
Epimorphin helps shape and develop epithelial cells, like those in hair follicles.
August 2019 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” The study found that tight junctions reach the top layer of the skin's stratum granulosum, not just the second top layer as previously thought.
29 citations
,
July 2014 in “PloS one” Meis1 is crucial for skin health and tumor development.
38 citations
,
July 2004 in “Journal of experimental zoology. Part B, Molecular and developmental evolution” Reptilian scales, feathers, and hairs evolved from changes in skin cell interactions.