Retinoic acid can change skin development, like turning scales into feathers or forming glands.
July 2024 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Cell movements and forces shape feather growth in chicken skin.
January 2006 in “Chinese Journal of Dermatology” Mesenchymal cells are essential for hair follicle stem cell growth.
149 citations
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July 2017 in “PLoS Biology” Hair follicle patterns form through a mix of self-organization and signaling interactions.
January 2020 in “프로그램북(구 초록집)” The skin has two main layers, the epidermis and dermis, which work together and are essential for diagnosing skin conditions.
10 citations
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January 2001 in “PubMed” Laminin, type IV collagen, and fibronectin help develop skin and hair structures in embryos.
22 citations
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December 2016 in “PloS one” A specific protein in chicken embryos links early skin layers to feather development.
36 citations
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January 1994 in “Cell and Tissue Research” 11 citations
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June 1994 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” 34 citations
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December 1988 in “Pigment Cell Research” Melanocytes appear in fetal skin early, but their development details are still unclear.
September 2012 in “대한피부과학회지” Desmocollin 1 helps maintain skin structure during fetal development.
35 citations
,
May 2021 in “Nature communications” The skin's basement membrane has specialized structures and molecules for different tissue interactions, important for hair growth and attachment.
16 citations
,
January 2005 in “The International Journal of Developmental Biology” Hex gene plays a crucial role in starting feather development in chick embryos.
65 citations
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July 1984 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Whiskers can form without sensory nerves or Foxd1, thanks to Meis2 in mesenchymal cells.
November 2022 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)” Researchers identified new cell types and genes in early hair follicle development.
Epimorphin helps shape and develop epithelial cells, like those in hair follicles.
1235 citations
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December 2013 in “Nature” Two fibroblast types shape skin structure and repair differently.
2 citations
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January 2004 in “Enshou saisei” Male pattern baldness is caused by certain cells in hair follicles and could potentially be treated by targeting a specific growth factor, TGF-β1.
May 2013 in “Trends in Urology & Men's Health” Male-pattern hair loss is normal, often involves hormone effects on hair follicles, and can be treated with medication or surgery, but new treatments are being researched.
April 2019 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Calcium signals and SHH guide the direction of feather growth in chicken skin.
17 citations
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December 2006 in “Gene Expression Patterns” Scube3 gene affects mouse embryo growth in multiple areas, but needs more research.
1 citations
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September 2025 in “PLoS ONE” Actin and alpha-smooth muscle actin help skin heal in mouse fetuses.
22 citations
,
November 2007 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings” Hair growth and health are influenced by stress and hormones.
31 citations
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September 2016 in “PLoS ONE” Cell division orientation varies by body site and is linked to epidermal thickness and cell density.
29 citations
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July 2014 in “PloS one” Meis1 is crucial for skin health and tumor development.
1 citations
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July 2020 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)” Removing centrosomes from skin cells leads to thinner skin and stops hair growth, but does not greatly affect skin cell differentiation.
June 2021 in “Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature” The skin basement membrane is specialized for different tissue interactions, important for hair growth and attachment.
12 citations
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August 2007 in “Human Molecular Genetics” Lymphotoxin-β is crucial for proper skin development in embryos.
August 2019 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” The study found that tight junctions reach the top layer of the skin's stratum granulosum, not just the second top layer as previously thought.