100 citations
,
April 1990 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” The ovary mainly causes high testosterone in PCO, while the adrenal gland is the main source in IH.
9 citations
,
August 1992 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” 7 citations
,
August 1996 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism”
33 citations
,
October 1994 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Finasteride reduces hair growth and is safe for women with excessive hair.
96 citations
,
October 1987 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” Chronic GnRHa treatment can help manage endometrial hyperplasia and reduce ovarian androgen excess in PCO patients.
17 citations
,
October 1994 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” January 2015 in “Journal of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism/Journal of pediatric endocrinology and metabolism” A 5-year-old girl with McCune-Albright syndrome grew abnormal hair due to the drug tamoxifen.
11 citations
,
November 2021 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Genetic risk factors for Polycystic Ovary Syndrome can affect men too, not just women.
March 2025 in “Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism” Elevated testosterone, DHEA-S, and FAI help identify PCOS risk in menstrual irregularities.
82 citations
,
February 1989 in “The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism/Journal of clinical endocrinology & metabolism” A three-month treatment with a GnRH agonist significantly lowered androgen levels and 5α-reductase activity in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia.
August 2022 in “Metabolic Brain Disease” Ferulic acid may help control menstrual cycle-related epilepsy by affecting female hormones.
6 citations
,
April 2019 in “Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America” Testosterone therapy for transmasculine individuals is generally safe with medical supervision, improves mental health, and has mixed effects on physical health.
16 citations
,
May 2019 in “Hormone and Metabolic Research” Selenium might help with insulin resistance and cholesterol in PCOS, but more research is needed to confirm its benefits.
1 citations
,
September 2012 in “Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism” Androgen replacement therapy can improve libido and mood in women with severe androgen deficiency, but more research is needed on its long-term safety.
124 citations
,
September 1980 in “The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism/Journal of clinical endocrinology & metabolism” Spironolactone is effective in treating excessive hair growth in women.
74 citations
,
July 2010 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” Treatment of acromegaly can improve women's reproductive health issues caused by hormonal imbalances or tumors.
47 citations
,
August 2014 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” The research suggests that the global distribution of PCOS is likely due to historical human migration and that genes affecting PCOS may have different impacts on males and females.
20 citations
,
February 1977 in “Circulation” Minoxidil lowers blood pressure and increases heart efficiency, but may raise lung artery pressure in some people.
16 citations
,
January 2010 in “Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics” Finasteride's effect on hair loss and prostate enlargement depends on its binding to an enzyme, with maximum impact at 0.2 mg dose.
71 citations
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February 2000 in “Endocrinology and metabolism/American journal of physiology: endocrinology and metabolism” Estradiol stops hair growth in mice, but an antagonist can reverse this effect.
10 citations
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August 2020 in “Drug metabolism and drug interactions” The NUDT15 gene variant causes severe side effects from azathioprine in some Indian patients.
June 2017 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Finasteride's sexual side effects not caused by androgen deficiency or SRD5A inhibition.
16 citations
,
January 1987 in “Dermatology” The spironolactone cream did not reduce hair growth in women with hirsutism.
34 citations
,
December 2012 in “Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care” Sex hormone treatments can increase muscle mass in older adults but have inconsistent effects on muscle function and may carry cardiovascular risks.
1 citations
,
April 2021 in “Current Stem Cell Reports” Eating less can improve stem cell function and increase lifespan.
94 citations
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January 2000 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Spironolactone most effective for hirsutism, but has side effects.
66 citations
,
August 1999 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” Women with acromegaly often have irregular periods due to hormone imbalances and growth hormone effects.
14 citations
,
November 2015 in “Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences” Changing the diet of mice lacking the enzyme CBS can affect symptoms related to the genetic condition.
2 citations
,
January 1997 in “Principles of Medical Biology” Drug metabolism affects how long a drug works, its interactions, activation, and toxicity, and is influenced by genetics, diet, illness, and other drugs.
February 2020 in “İstanbul medical journal” Metformin improves early signs of heart disease in women with PCOS and raises apelin levels, but doesn't significantly change artery thickness.