22 citations
,
January 2019 in “Endocrinology and metabolism” An mFG score of 7 or higher indicates hirsutism in Filipino women, often linked to higher free testosterone levels.
74 citations
,
July 2010 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” Treatment of acromegaly can improve women's reproductive health issues caused by hormonal imbalances or tumors.
25 citations
,
December 2017 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” Birth control pills combined with bicalutamide are more effective at reducing excessive hair growth in women with PCOS than birth control pills alone.
4 citations
,
January 2014 in “Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism” Indian women with PCOS may need different ultrasound criteria for diagnosis than current standards.
124 citations
,
June 2002 in “Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” Polycystic Ovary Syndrome likely starts in childhood and may be genetic and influenced by early hormone exposure.
4 citations
,
January 2019 in “Therapeutic Advances in Endocrinology and Metabolism” Medications for PCOS don't seem to raise heart disease risk.
947 citations
,
February 2004 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Most women with excess male hormones have Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, and hormonal therapy can improve symptoms but may cause side effects.
150 citations
,
November 2007 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” About 2.2% of women with symptoms of high male hormones have a mild form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia, and measuring a specific hormone level can accurately diagnose it.
96 citations
,
February 2007 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” Women with type 1 diabetes often have polycystic ovary syndrome and excess male hormones, which are frequently undiagnosed.
14 citations
,
January 2013 in “Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism” Women with congenital adrenal hyperplasia have lower fertility, but with proper treatment, they can conceive successfully.
14 citations
,
December 2017 in “Journal of Bone and Mineral Metabolism” Women with polycystic ovary syndrome have a higher risk of certain fractures.
6 citations
,
April 2019 in “Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism” Metformin improved menstrual cycle regularity and signs of hyperandrogenism in adolescent girls with type 1 diabetes but did not improve blood sugar control.
6 citations
,
August 2014 in “Sri Lanka Journal of Diabetes Endocrinology and Metabolism” The FG score is better at detecting hyperandrogenism in PCOS patients than testosterone levels or FAI, but testosterone is the recommended test for diagnosis.
January 2023 in “Open Journal of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases” Hyperandrogenism is a common hormonal disorder in women, often linked to PCOS.
5 citations
,
March 2020 in “Current Opinion in Endocrine and Metabolic Research” Skin problems in PCOS, like excess hair, acne, and hair loss, may not always indicate high male hormone levels and need careful diagnosis for proper treatment.
October 2025 in “Progress In Microbes & Molecular Biology” PCOS is linked to gut bacteria changes, suggesting gut-focused treatments might help.
39 citations
,
September 2012 in “Human Reproduction” Certain genetic variations in the SHBG gene are linked to an increased or decreased risk of PCOS in Mediterranean women.
January 2025 in “Ginekologia Polska” VDR gene variations may affect carbohydrate metabolism in young women with hyperandrogenism.
3 citations
,
May 2021 in “International Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism” Irisin and GIP levels are not linked to BMI in women, regardless of PCOS status.
Acne and excess hair are common in women with PCOS, and skin checks can help diagnose it early.
131 citations
,
August 2004 in “Best Practice & Research in Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology” The conclusion is that PCOS is caused by ovarian sensitivity to hormones and disrupted hormone control, possibly due to ovarian factors, and more research is needed.
8 citations
,
April 2019 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Postmenopausal women with hyperandrogenism didn't have better metabolic health even after their testosterone levels became normal.
January 2024 in “Epidemiology international journal” 19.7% of Afro-Caribbean women in Tobago have PCOS.
October 2022 in “Journal for Research in Applied Sciences and Biotechnology” Certain changes in the SHBG gene may increase the risk of PCOS in Iraqi women.
14 citations
,
January 2008 in “Gynecological Endocrinology” High levels of male hormones in women without tumors are linked to metabolic problems and can be treated with metformin.
August 2025 in “International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research” Adaptive coping reduces PCOS symptoms, while maladaptive coping worsens them.
May 2020 in “International Journal of Clinical Obstetrics and Gynaecology” The combined therapy improved symptoms in PCOS patients.
6 citations
,
April 2009 in “Fertility and Sterility” Finasteride helps induce ovulation in nonresponder PCOS women.
January 2025 in “International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Applications” PCOS causes hormonal imbalance, leading to symptoms like irregular periods and infertility.
2 citations
,
February 2018 in “InTech eBooks” PCOS is complex, affects many, and requires informed management and lifestyle changes.