10 citations
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April 2006 in “Seminars in Reproductive Medicine” Testosterone therapy may improve mood, well-being, and sexual function in premenopausal women, but more research is needed on its long-term safety and effectiveness.
506 citations
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March 2005 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Testosterone therapy improves physical function, strength, and body composition in older men with low testosterone levels.
1 citations
,
July 2022 in “Han'gug sigpum yeong'yang gwahag hoeji/Journal of the Korean society of food science and nutrition” Eurycoma longifolia extract may help increase testosterone levels and reduce andropause symptoms.
6 citations
,
November 2010 in “International Journal of Andrology” New oral testosterone formulations show potential for safer, effective hormone replacement in men with low testosterone.
November 2022 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” A transman experienced lasting virilization symptoms after stopping testosterone, which were resolved with estradiol treatment.
January 2005 in “Journal of Investigative Medicine” Testosterone therapy improves strength and body composition in older men with low testosterone.
87 citations
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April 1973 in “Endocrinology” The chemicals 17βC and its methyl ester can block the effects of testosterone on hamster skin but not the effects of DHT.
Dianabol boosts muscle growth but has serious health risks and legal issues.
2 citations
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January 2017 in “Endocrinology” Testosterone and its metabolites have varied effects on different body systems, especially during puberty.
25 citations
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March 2000 in “Journal of Endocrinological Investigation” Testosterone therapy aims to treat hormone deficiencies and various conditions safely and effectively, but requires careful patient monitoring due to potential side effects.
441 citations
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May 2008 in “British Journal of Pharmacology” Anabolic steroids can build muscle and strength but have risks and need more research on their clinical benefits and side effects.
21 citations
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November 2010 in “Talanta” Researchers developed a reliable method to measure testosterone and epitestosterone in urine for medical and anti-doping use.
4 citations
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January 2018 in “Forensic Science International” Researchers created a reliable method to detect hair-growth substances in products.
2 citations
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November 2017 in “Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A” The new method accurately detects illegal hair-growth drugs in dietary supplements.
1 citations
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September 2023 in “AACE clinical case reports” Testosterone pellets might work for transgender men's hormone therapy, but more research is needed.
23 citations
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August 2005 in “Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy” New treatments for low male hormones improved sexual function and mood but had unclear risks, especially for older men.
5 citations
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June 2004 in “The Journal of The British Menopause Society” Testosterone therapy can improve sexual satisfaction and mood in surgically menopausal women when used with estrogen, but its long-term safety and effects on naturally menopausal and premenopausal women are unclear.
22 citations
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January 2001 in “Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin” Some new progesterone derivatives are better at blocking testosterone conversion than a common drug.
1 citations
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September 2013 in “PubMed” Methotrexate therapy for psoriasis may help regrow hair in some cases of male pattern baldness.
Testosterone works in different ways, including direct interaction with its receptor, conversion to other hormones for specific effects on genitalia, hair, bones, and muscle, and changes in body fat and sexual function when low.
12 citations
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February 1975 in “Journal of Steroid Biochemistry” 37 citations
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May 1997 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” MK-386 lowers DHT in blood and skin but not in semen.
29 citations
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November 1975 in “Clinics in endocrinology and metabolism” Testosterone is made by Leydig cells, is active when not bound to proteins, and works by binding to receptors in muscles and other tissues.
January 2007 in “xPharm: The Comprehensive Pharmacology Reference” February 2026 in “Toxicology Letters” MK-0773 is a moderate inhibitor of the SRD5A2 enzyme.
October 2024 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Estrogen alone can lower testosterone in some transfeminine people.
January 2005 in “Journal of Investigative Medicine” Testosterone boosts physical performance, grip strength, and lean body mass in older men with low testosterone.
53 citations
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July 2014 in “American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism” Testosterone boosts red blood cell production and changes iron metabolism without needing dihydrotestosterone.
7 citations
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August 2010 in “Medicinal Chemistry Research” Some synthesized compounds were more effective than Finasteride in reducing prostate cancer cell growth and androgen levels.
5 citations
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November 2015 in “Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry” Certain derivatives are more effective 5α-reductase type 2 inhibitors than finasteride.