November 2022 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” A transman experienced lasting virilization symptoms after stopping testosterone, which were resolved with estradiol treatment.
53 citations
,
July 2014 in “American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism” Testosterone boosts red blood cell production and changes iron metabolism without needing dihydrotestosterone.
January 1983 in “Elsevier eBooks” Cyproterone acetate is used to treat conditions like prostate cancer, early puberty, excessive sexual drive, and female androgenization by affecting androgen functions and suppressing certain hormones.
2 citations
,
May 2018 in “Diagnosis” A 68-year-old woman developed male traits due to a tumor in her ovary, which was removed, returning her hormone levels to normal.
60 citations
,
June 1997 in “Drugs & Aging” Mitoxantrone with a corticosteroid helps manage symptoms for some advanced prostate cancer patients but doesn't extend life.
1 citations
,
July 2025 in “Functional Foods in Health and Disease” CL22209, an Asparagus racemosus extract, safely reduces perimenopausal symptoms and balances hormones.
16 citations
,
September 1990 in “Fertility and sterility” Ketoconazole can treat ovarian hyperandrogenism but should be used cautiously with monitoring and birth control.
December 1999 in “Evidence-based obstetrics and gynecology/Evidence-based obstetrics & gynecology” Flutamide worked better than finasteride for reducing excessive hair growth in women, but had more side effects.
August 2025 in “Fabad Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences” Bicalutamide effectively treats prostate cancer but needs careful monitoring for side effects.
12 citations
,
March 2016 in “Life Sciences” The new chemotherapy combination of WP 631 and Epothilone B shows enhanced effectiveness against ovarian cancer but requires more research on its safety.
20 citations
,
June 1985 in “Toxicologic Pathology” Some steroid-induced health issues in rodents improved after stopping treatment, but hair loss and eye problems did not.
December 2003 in “British Journal of Urology” 4 citations
,
July 2024 in “Journal of Reproduction & Infertility” Fenugreek can help with PCOS symptoms, but metformin is more effective overall.
44 citations
,
August 1996 in “Drugs & Aging” Mitoxantrone is effective for treating acute leukemia, especially in older patients, with a lower risk of heart damage.
January 2021 in “Journal of Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College” Cyproterone acetate and ethinylestradiol significantly lowered AMH levels in PCOS patients resistant to clomiphene.
204 citations
,
May 2014 in “The Journal of Sexual Medicine” Hormone therapy for trans individuals is effective and generally safe in the short term.
December 2013 in “Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences” Ovarian steroid cell tumors should be considered in adults with hirsutism and high testosterone, with surgery as the main treatment.
78 citations
,
January 2000 in “Gynecological Endocrinology” Norgestimate is the most effective birth control progestin for reducing an enzyme linked to acne and excessive hair growth in women.
5 citations
,
November 2015 in “Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry” Certain derivatives are more effective 5α-reductase type 2 inhibitors than finasteride.
44 citations
,
June 1985 in “Fertility and sterility” Combination drug therapy is effective for hirsutism that doesn't improve with just one medication.
August 2023 in “International journal of reproduction, contraception, obstetrics and gynecology” Combining letrozole with metformin is the most effective treatment for inducing pregnancy in women with PCOS.
45 citations
,
August 2005 in “Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry” New compounds with carborane showed anti-androgen effects similar to flutamide.
25 citations
,
March 2004 in “Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology” Using testosterone-stimulated weanling rats can effectively replace castrated rats for anti-androgen testing, reducing animal stress.
21 citations
,
February 2021 in “BMJ case reports” Anabolic steroid users may face higher risk of severe COVID-19.
16 citations
,
August 2022 in “Drug Testing and Analysis” Transdermal exposure to certain steroids can be detected in urine for up to 14 days.
May 1981 in “Inpharma (Balgowlah)” Medroxyprogesterone acetate improved sleep apnea symptoms in some obese patients.
January 2022 in “Revista Dermatológica Centro Uraga” Monilethrix is a genetic hair disorder affecting hair shape, seen in two brothers.
2 citations
,
January 2017 in “Endocrinology” Testosterone and its metabolites have varied effects on different body systems, especially during puberty.
10 citations
,
December 2005 in “Aktuelle Dermatologie” Alfatradiol (0.025%) is an effective and safe treatment for hair loss in both women and men.
77 citations
,
July 2007 in “Dermatologic Therapy” Methotrexate is a key, cost-effective drug for skin conditions, but requires careful monitoring for side effects.