23 citations
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April 2010 in “Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C Toxicology & Pharmacology” The piRNA pathway genes are crucial in early development and may influence sex differentiation through hormone regulation.
January 2009 in “Journal of Xingtai University” Finasteride is made through a series of chemical reactions starting from a specific intermediate compound.
September 2011 in “American Journal of Clinical Dermatology” The birth control pill containing ethinylestradiol and chlormadinone may help treat acne and other skin and hair conditions related to hormones.
November 2025 in “Yemeni Journal For Medical Sciences” Many women using contraception in Mukalla, Yemen, experience side effects like hair loss and mood swings, needing personalized care.
31 citations
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September 2020 in “Clinical endocrinology” Some antiandrogens may lower testosterone better than others, but it's unclear which is best for feminization in transgender women; more research is needed.
24 citations
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September 2002 in “Der Urologe” A stronger dual 5α-reductase inhibitor could improve treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia by further reducing DHT levels.
4 citations
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January 2025 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” Progesterone reduces anxiety and depression in female mice by increasing BDNF in the brain, needing 5α-reduction and estradiol.
January 2015 in “Chinese Journal of New Clinical Medicine” Metformin combined with dyne-35 increases ovulation and pregnancy rates in PCOS patients.
1 citations
,
March 2012 in “Journal of Dermatological Science” Testosterone, progesterone, and levonorgestrel change enzyme levels related to fat production in hamster skin, which could affect skin oil and acne.
April 2025 in “Frontiers in Pharmacology” Canagliflozin helps overcome progestin resistance in certain endometrial cancer cells.
1 citations
,
July 2010 in “PubMed”
January 2024 in “Современные проблемы науки и образования (Modern Problems of Science and Education)” Miliacin helps extend the hair growth phase in mice with hair loss.
July 2024 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” 5-alpha reductase inhibitors don't increase breast cancer or benign breast disorder risk in women.
41 citations
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February 2012 in “Journal of Neuroendocrinology” Allopregnanolone helps control oxytocin levels during pregnancy to prevent preterm labor.
5 citations
,
July 2020 in “PubMed” Both oral contraceptives reduced hirsutism in PCOS patients, but adding metformin showed no extra benefit.
56 citations
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February 2006 in “American journal of physiology. Cell physiology” Steroid sex hormones activate matriptase in prostate cancer cells but not in breast cancer cells.
34 citations
,
April 2009 in “Skin Pharmacology and Physiology” Minoxidil affects cell growth in two ways: low doses increase growth, while high doses slow it down and can be toxic.
August 2019 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” 5% minoxidil foam effectively regrows hair in women, with postmenopausal women seeing the most improvement.
Certain medications can negatively impact male fertility.
1 citations
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November 2024 in “Archives of Dermatological Research”
14 citations
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February 1994 in “Tetrahedron Letters” Adding cerium(III) chloride to Grignard reagents improves the making of compounds that could treat prostate issues and hair loss.
1 citations
,
January 2021 in “European Journal of Inflammation” Methylated flavonoids may effectively reduce depression and inflammation caused by finasteride.
1 citations
,
November 2007 in “Neuro-chirurgie/Neurochirurgie” Cyproterone acetate is a safe treatment that causes modest feminization in transgender female adolescents, and works better with added estrogens.
January 2002 in “Dialnet (Universidad de la Rioja)” Finasteride treatment makes the prostate look more like a healthy one.
17 citations
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August 2011 in “Current Medicinal Chemistry” New treatments for enlarged prostate are being developed, some of which may be more effective than current medications.
January 2018 in “Journal of analytical, bioanalytical and separation techniques” Oral contraceptives can affect skin and hair, improve acne, but may cause pigmentation, dermatitis, and other conditions.
March 2007 in “Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada” Birth control pills slightly increase the risk of breast cancer, especially if used before the first full-term pregnancy.
February 2021 in “European Chemical Bulletin” A reliable method was developed to measure Minoxidil and Finasteride accurately in medicines.
10 citations
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October 2006 in “Expert Opinion on Emerging Drugs” New treatments for male hypogonadism are easier to use and target specific tissues to reduce side effects.