11 citations
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June 2013 in “PubMed” The automated flat iron can permanently straighten hair without chemicals, especially at 154°C, and silicone improves the results.
Human hair keratins can be turned into useful 3D biomedical scaffolds through a freeze-thaw process.
19 citations
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January 2009 in “International review of cell and molecular biology” Hair's strength and flexibility come from its protein structure and molecular interactions.
2 citations
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June 2024 in “Parasites & Vectors” Chronic T. gondii infection may harm male fertility.
1 citations
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February 2023 in “Journal of Natural Fibers” Higher keratin protein levels are important for the wool's shine in Magra sheep.
June 2025 in “Biomolecules” RORA affects hair follicle stem cells' structure and movement, potentially helping treat hair loss.
47 citations
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April 1978 in “Journal of Cutaneous Pathology” Basal cell epithelioma resembles fetal hair follicles, not adult or fetal skin.
January 2000 in “Zhongguo yixue wulixue zazhi” Different human hair keratin types have unique structures that affect how they dissolve and can be used to create self-tendons.
7 citations
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August 2006 in “Biopolymers” Researchers extracted tiny keratin filaments from human hair by unzipping its outer layer.
49 citations
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June 2004 in “Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences” Human hair becomes weaker and stretches more easily at higher temperatures.
Chemical treatments weaken hair's thermal stability and structure.
40 citations
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September 2004 in “Biomacromolecules” The Glu413Lys mutation in keratin affects hair stability, while Glu413Asp does not.
2 citations
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February 2021 in “FEBS open bio” Human hair keratins K85 and K35 create unique filament patterns important for early hair formation.
3 citations
,
September 2018 in “Journal of Structural Biology” Oxidized trichocyte keratin has a helical dislocation in its structure.
12 citations
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September 2013 in “BMC Biophysics” Keratin filaments' elasticity is influenced by their terminal domains and surrounding medium.
180 citations
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April 2002 in “Cell Death and Differentiation” 5 citations
,
February 2022 in “Biophysical journal” The model shows that filament flexibility and amino acid differences affect how fast intermediate filament proteins assemble.
March 2010 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” Disulfide bonds affect the melting behavior of hair's crystalline structure, but hair retains some stability even after these bonds are broken.
13 citations
,
May 2016 in “International journal of biological macromolecules” Keratin's mechanical properties are influenced by hydrogen bonds and secondary structure, and can be improved with the SPD-2 peptide.
28 citations
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November 2009 in “Journal of Structural Biology” High flux X-ray beams quickly damage the structure of human hair.
51 citations
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September 2012 in “Biomacromolecules” Disulfide bonds make keratin in hair stronger and tougher.
1 citations
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January 2009 in “Journal of S C C J” Changing disulfide bonds in human hair affects its melting behavior and thermal stability.
3 citations
,
January 1988 4 citations
,
November 2016 in “The Journal of Dermatology” Pili torti hair is fragile due to loose keratin filaments and weak disulfide bonds.
7 citations
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February 1998 in “Polymer journal” Keratin structure in hair is stable at pH 5-6 but disrupts between pH 6-7.
January 2005 in “Seibutsu Butsuri/Seibutsu butsuri” Chemical treatments damage hair more than UV exposure, making it thinner and less flexible.
January 2007 in “Sen'i Gakkaishi” Mf-rich hair degrades more than Ma-rich hair, especially with Proteinase K.
70 citations
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June 1998 in “Polymer” Permanent waving damages hair by disrupting its keratin structure.
6 citations
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January 2018 in “Advances in experimental medicine and biology”
February 2025 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” Protein carbonylation is a sensitive marker for oxidative damage in hair, especially from light exposure.