9 citations
,
November 2020 in “The FASEB journal” Intermediate filaments are crucial for cell differentiation and stem cell function.
13 citations
,
January 2012 in “International journal of trichology” The study found that hair fragility in Pili annulati may be caused by cavities and damage within the hair shafts.
11 citations
,
April 2022 in “Biophysical Journal” Disulfide bonds in keratin fibers break more easily under stress, especially when wet, affecting fiber strength.
March 2026 in “Journal of the mechanical behavior of biomedical materials/Journal of mechanical behavior of biomedical materials” Bleaching and UV exposure significantly damage hair.
40 citations
,
February 1994 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” 49 citations
,
September 2004 in “Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology” Careful light microscopy is crucial for detecting mild cases of pili annulati, which weakens hair and varies widely in expression.
66 citations
,
June 2004 in “Biophysical Journal” Hard α-keratin in hair has a unique, nonordered structure, different from other fibers.
2 citations
,
September 2013 in “日本香粧品学会誌” Keratin films can measure hair heat damage.
5 citations
,
February 1998 in “Polymer” Human hair keratin has a 40% α-helix structure that changes to a random coil in 8 M urea.
30 citations
,
November 2012 in “Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences” Hard α-keratins stay stiff in water because the surrounding matrix keeps them dehydrated and strong.
4 citations
,
January 2007 in “Sen'i Gakkaishi” Permed hair degrades faster and shows more damage after protease treatment compared to untreated hair.
42 citations
,
July 2015 in “PLoS ONE” The study revealed the detailed structure of a keratin dimer, aiding understanding of how intermediate filament proteins function.
4 citations
,
January 2015 in “Sen'i Gakkaishi” Hair and wool strength is affected by the number and type of bonds in their protein structures, with hair having more protein aggregates than wool.
48 citations
,
January 2002 in “Journal of Structural Biology” Trichocyte filaments have a low-density core and may include proteins for hair structure.
12 citations
,
December 2011 in “Journal of Dermatological Science” The C-terminal tail of AHF/trichohyalin is essential for organizing keratin filaments in keratinocytes.
November 2024 in “Biophysical Chemistry” Hair structure changes immediately during perm treatment, with initial damage partially restored later.
4 citations
,
January 2017 in “Annals of Dermatology” Frequent hairdryer use may worsen hair fragility in people with Pili Annulati.
September 2020 in “Benha Journal of Applied Sciences” Protein hair straighteners damage the hair more than hair dyes.
Hair coloring and bleaching can permanently break down hair protein and temporarily change its properties.
7 citations
,
January 2001 in “Comprehensive series in photosciences” UV radiation significantly damages hair, especially with humidity, making it more vulnerable to further damage.
1 citations
,
January 2013 in “PubMed” Permanent wave treatment with thioglycolic acid changes hair structure by altering disulfide bonds.
38 citations
,
October 2011 in “Analytical biochemistry” Hair proteins have weak spots in their α-helical segments.
7 citations
,
January 2011 in “Biochemistry Research International” Hard α-keratin has a universal molecular structure with a specific superlattice arrangement.
1 citations
,
June 2014 in “[Thesis]. Manchester, UK: The University of Manchester; 2014.” Chemical modifications can alter hair's stability and flexibility, with hydrophobic interactions helping maintain structure in humid conditions.
September 2025 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” Heat and UV exposure damage hair structure by altering keratins.
28 citations
,
October 1985 in “The Journal of Cell Biology” Researchers isolated and identified structural components of human hair follicles, providing a model for studying hair formation.
December 2023 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)” Actin filaments help stabilize and integrate cell membranes during transfer.
50 citations
,
June 1993 in “European journal of biochemistry” Intermediate filaments are crucial for cell structure and function, regulated by specific genes and proteins.
February 2025 in “Brazilian Journal of Hair Health” The Brazilian candle flame technique can damage hair by melting the cuticle and exposing the cortex.