81 citations
,
December 2007 in “Acta materialia” AFM helped show how hair changes under tension and the effects of damage and conditioner.
2 citations
,
January 1981 High temperatures and certain chemicals can significantly change the amino acid content in human hair.
9 citations
,
January 1981 Nucleophilic reagents break down hair keratin, forming more lanthionine and lysinoalanine than in wool.
9 citations
,
April 2019 in “Journal of structural biology” Hair's internal fibers are arranged in a pattern that doesn't let much water in, and treatments like oils and heat change how much water hair can absorb.
34 citations
,
August 1966 in “Experimental cell research” Keratin fibrils in hair form and stop growing at specific points in the follicle.
NaOH treatment improves hair strength and suitability for textiles.
October 2021 in “Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (Universidade de São Paulo)” The active ingredient improves the strength of damaged hair fibers.
May 2010 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” Mercaptans make hair more prone to damage, with reduced hair being more affected than permed hair.
2 citations
,
January 2015 in “Sen'i Gakkaishi” Washing permed hair after using thioglycolic acid helps reform strong bonds, making hair stronger.
7 citations
,
November 2004 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” Hair breaks differently when wet or dry and is affected by its condition and treatments like perms and bleaching.
April 1996 in “Journal of Dermatological Science” 7 citations
,
October 2019 in “Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology” Fusion proteins can protect hair from heat damage.
23 citations
,
April 2003 in “Journal of Structural Biology” Keratin structure changes during keratinization, but the exact model remains uncertain.
686 citations
,
February 2002 in “Current Opinion in Cell Biology” Keratin filaments are crucial for cell structure and protection, with ongoing discoveries about their genes and functions.
91 citations
,
December 2000 in “The journal of cell biology/The Journal of cell biology” Scientists successfully created mouse hair proteins in the lab, which are stable and similar to natural hair.
30 citations
,
April 2009 in “Mycoses” Microsporum gypseum fungus breaks down keratin in hair by digesting it enzymatically, starting with less keratinized parts.
3 citations
,
August 2024 in “The Journal of Cell Biology” Actin filaments help stabilize and reshape cell membranes.
25 citations
,
December 2011 in “Surface and interface analysis” Bleaching hair causes significant damage by breaking down proteins and fatty acids.
43 citations
,
September 2001 in “Scanning” Hair treatments like bleaching increase friction by exposing tiny pores on the hair surface.
January 2002 in “中国人民解放军军医大学学报:英文版” 14 citations
,
September 2016 in “Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B Biology” UV exposure damages hair, increasing thiols and altering protein structure.
December 2023 in “Sains Malaysiana” The enzyme Rand protease works well for leather dehairing and its stability is important, with Leu75 playing a key role.
January 2013 in “Sen'i Gakkaishi” Microfibrils are key for permanent waves, and hydrolyzed keratin improves wave formation and hair condition.
August 2007 in “Microscopy and Microanalysis” Hair fibers break by cuticle cell slipping, shape changing, cuticle fraying, and surface cracking when stretched under specific conditions.
October 2021 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Skin cell strength decreases significantly as we age.
8 citations
,
August 1993 in “Colloid & Polymer Science” The observed "toughening" in keratin was actually due to water evaporation, not a real change in keratin.
October 2024 in “Cosmetics” ATG effectively reduces hair frizz without damaging hair strength.
32 citations
,
November 1998 in “Journal of Biological Chemistry” Mouse and human keratin 16 can both form filaments, with differences likely due to the tail domain, not the helical domain.
Hydrophobic modifications make human hair less affected by water.
2 citations
,
March 2018 in “ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering” Heating human hair creates hollow microtubes with smooth surfaces.