8 citations
,
March 2010 in “Gynecological Endocrinology” Free Testosterone Index, bioavailable testosterone, and androstenedione are the most accurate for diagnosing excess male hormones in PCOS.
45 citations
,
January 2013 in “Journal of Human Reproductive Sciences” Women with PCOS are more likely to have fatty liver disease, especially if they have metabolic problems.
13 citations
,
March 2019 in “Physiological Research” Overweight women with PCOS have higher levels of certain hormones that could indicate a higher risk of heart and metabolic problems.
6 citations
,
January 2012 in “Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology” Women with epilepsy on certain medications might gain weight and have higher thyroid-stimulating hormone levels, but not more polycystic ovarian syndrome.
84 citations
,
November 2003 in “European journal of endocrinology” Women with androgenic alopecia are more likely to have polycystic ovaries and higher androgen levels, which may indicate PCOS.
10 citations
,
October 2014 in “Journal of Ovarian Research” The IRS-2 Asp/Asp genotype may increase the risk of PCOS in Chinese women, especially if they are not obese.
24 citations
,
April 2021 in “BMC women's health” High BMI worsens hair growth in women with PCOS.
1 citations
,
January 2020 AMH levels in adolescents with PCOS are not affected by their weight.
5 citations
,
March 2022 in “Frontiers in Endocrinology” A model using hormone levels, cycle length, and BMI can help identify PCOS in Chinese women but isn't for screening teens.
September 2008 in “Fertility and Sterility” Exposure to fatty acids significantly increased androgen levels in female dogs, suggesting a link to conditions like insulin resistance and PCOS.
August 2007 in “Drug and therapeutics bulletin” Eflornithine's effectiveness for women with facial hirsutism is unclear.
8 citations
,
April 1990 in “Hormone and Metabolic Research” The medication combination did not affect glucose tolerance but increased some cholesterol levels due to its estrogen component.
90 citations
,
February 2013 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Women with PCOS have more body fat and thicker fat layers in certain abdominal areas than women without PCOS.
50 citations
,
March 2011 in “European Journal of Endocrinology” Spironolactone improved blood vessel function and cholesterol levels in non-obese women with PCOS.
1 citations
,
March 2024 in “Türk Kadın Sağlığı ve Neonatoloji Dergisi” PCOS is common in women, often treated with lifestyle changes and oral contraceptives.
June 2022 in “Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine” Acupressure improves quality of life in PCOS patients.
21 citations
,
January 2017 in “European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology” Acne is an important sign of androgen excess disorders in women.
7 citations
,
January 2017 in “Journal of South Asian Federation of Obstetrics and Gynaecology” Nearly half of women with PCOS have metabolic syndrome, and lifestyle changes are crucial to prevent complications.
3 citations
,
October 2010 in “Journal of Experimental & Clinical Medicine” Obesity is a major risk factor for insulin resistance in Taiwanese women with PCOS, which is also an independent risk factor for metabolic syndrome.
42 citations
,
August 2017 in “Human Reproduction” Women with polycystic ovary syndrome tend to have a longer distance between the clitoris and anus.
23 citations
,
January 2016 in “Journal of Nanjing Medical University” Overweight women with PCOS are more likely to have excess male hormones.
2 citations
,
April 2023 in “BMC endocrine disorders” The link between physical signs of high male hormones and hormone levels in women with PCOS changes with age.
1 citations
,
November 2020 in “Cureus” Clinical signs of hyperandrogenism are related to female pattern hair loss severity, but biochemical markers are not.
March 2025 in “Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism” Elevated testosterone, DHEA-S, and FAI help identify PCOS risk in menstrual irregularities.
February 2022 in “International journal of reproduction, contraception, obstetrics and gynecology” Acanthosis nigricans in teenage girls with PCOS is a sign of obesity, not insulin resistance or glucose intolerance.
1 citations
,
March 2013 in “Biomédica” A score of 6 or less is recommended to diagnose hirsutism in Colombian women.
22 citations
,
May 2006 in “Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes” Calculated testosterone values are reliable for assessing hyperandrogenemia in women, making direct measurement unnecessary.
September 2018 in “Cumhuriyet medical journal” Women with more body hair tend to have thicker belly fat and more metabolic health issues.
October 2025 in “Nepal Journal of Dermatology Venereology & Leprology” PCOS is the main cause of hirsutism, often linked to insulin resistance.
January 2025 in “International Journal of Reproduction Contraception Obstetrics and Gynecology” PCOS and lifestyle choices like diet and hair removal methods play a key role in moderate hirsutism.