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GlossaryMonoclonal Antibodies

laboratory-produced molecules that target specific cells or proteins

Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are laboratory-produced molecules engineered to serve as substitute antibodies that can restore, enhance, or mimic the immune system's attack on cells. They are designed to bind to specific targets, such as proteins on the surface of cancer cells, making them useful in treating various diseases, including some types of cancer, autoimmune disorders, and infectious diseases.

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research Immunological characteristics and histological distribution of human hair fibrous proteins studied with anti-hair keratin monoclonal antibodies HKN-2, HKN-4, and HKN-6.

52 citations , February 1986 in “Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry”

Some hair proteins are specific to hair, while others are also found in skin cells.

research Generation of Pax1/PAX1-Specific Monoclonal Antibodies

10 citations , October 2016 in “Monoclonal antibodies in immunodiagnosis and immunotherapy”

Researchers created specific antibodies that detect a protein important in development and various conditions, and can be used for research and diagnosis.

research Anti-keratin Monoclonal Antibodies for Identifying Animal Hair Fibers

8 citations , May 2004 in “Textile Research Journal”

Scientists made antibodies to tell cashmere and wool apart, which could improve how we identify animal fibers.

research Four murine monoclonal antibodies specific for the inner root sheath in the human hair follicle

1 citations , January 1989

Four antibodies were developed to help study hair follicle cell differentiation.

research [Immunohistochemical study on the keratin expression in generating rat hair tissues using anti-hair keratin monoclonal antibodies].

July 1990 in “PubMed”

Hair germ cells differ from epidermal cells in keratin expression, and specific keratins form after hair differentiation.

research Signs of some hematological diseases with the help of monoclonal antibodies LT-1, LT-2, LT-7

May 2024 in “International journal of medicine and psychology.”

Monoclonal antibodies LT-1, LT-2, and LT-7 help diagnose certain blood cancers.

research [An immunohistochemical study on cell differentiation in the outer root sheath of the normal human anagen hair follicles with antikeratin monoclonal antibodies].

6 citations , December 1990 in “PubMed”

Keratinocytes in hair follicles differentiate similarly to skin cells, with specific patterns in different regions.

Medications Affecting the Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1/Growth Hormone Axis, Including Teprotumumab, Somatostatin Analogs, and Anti-Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide Monoclonal Antibodies, Are Associated With Elevated Reporting Odds of Alopecia in Women: A Pharmacovigilance Study

research Medications affecting the insulin-like growth factor 1/growth hormone axis, including teprotumumab, somatostatin analogs, and anti-calcitonin gene-related peptide monoclonal antibodies, are associated with elevated reporting odds of alopecia in women: A pharmacovigilance study

April 2023 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology”

Some drugs linked to growth hormones may increase the chance of hair loss in women.

research 468 Use of calcitonin gene-related peptide monoclonal antibodies in patients with rosacea: An exploratory, comparative case series

April 2023 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

CGRP MAbs treatment for migraines may also improve rosacea symptoms, but more research is needed to confirm its effectiveness and safety.

research Adverse event reporting of four anti-Calcitonin gene-related peptide monoclonal antibodies for migraine prevention: a real-world study based on the FDA adverse event reporting system

30 citations , January 2024 in “Frontiers in Pharmacology”

These migraine prevention drugs can cause side effects like constipation, hair loss, injection site reactions, fatigue, and sometimes unexpected issues like Raynaud's phenomenon and weight gain.

research Differential expression of keratin 19 in normal human epithelial tissues revealed by monospecific monoclonal antibodies

159 citations , October 1986 in “The Histochemical Journal”

research Cell Differentiation in Human Anagen Hair and Hair Follicles Studied with Anti-Hair Keratin Monoclonal Antibodies

81 citations , May 1986 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

research [An immunohistochemical study on the normal human anagen hair and hair follicle using anti-hair keratin monoclonal antibodies (HKN-5, HKN-6, HKN-7 and HKN-8)].

October 1985 in “PubMed”

Treatment of Alopecia Areata with Anti-Interferon-Gamma Antibodies

research Treatment of Alopecia Areata with Anti-Interferon-γ Antibodies

16 citations , November 2005 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings”

Blocking interferon-gamma helps prevent and treat hair loss in Alopecia Areata.

Acidic and Basic Hair/Nail (Hard) Keratins: Their Colocalization in Upper Cortical and Cuticle Cells of the Human Hair Follicle and Their Relationship to Soft Keratins

research Acidic and basic hair/nail ("hard") keratins: their colocalization in upper cortical and cuticle cells of the human hair follicle and their relationship to "soft" keratins.

356 citations , December 1986 in “The journal of cell biology/The Journal of cell biology”

Hair and nail cells share similar proteins, indicating a common differentiation pathway.

research The IL-23/IL-17 Pathway in Inflammatory Skin Diseases: From Bench to Bedside

144 citations , November 2020 in “Frontiers in immunology”

Targeting the IL-23/IL-17 pathway effectively treats several inflammatory skin diseases.

research Targeting the Wnt pathways for therapies

112 citations , January 2014 in “Molecular and cellular therapies”

Blocking the Wnt pathway could lead to new treatments for cancer and tissue repair but requires careful development to avoid side effects.

research Immune-related alopecia (areata and universalis) in cancer patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors

87 citations , December 2016 in “British journal of dermatology/British journal of dermatology, Supplement”

Cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors may develop alopecia, but some hair regrowth is possible with treatment.

research Immunohistochemical demonstration of breast‐derived and/or carcinoma‐associated glycoproteins in normal skin appendages and their tumors

71 citations , February 1992 in “Journal of Cutaneous Pathology”

Antibodies help identify glycoproteins in normal skin and tumor cells.

research Solid basal cell epithelioma (BCE) possibly originates from the outer root sheath of the hair follicle.

61 citations , August 1993 in “PubMed”

Basal cell epithelioma likely starts from the hair follicle's outer root sheath.

research Human Epidermal Transglutaminase

53 citations , June 1983 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

The enzyme is crucial for skin cell development and can be activated without proteolytic activation.

Trichohyalin: Presence in the Granular Layer and Stratum Corneum of Normal Human Epidermis

research Immunohistochemical analysis of tissue remodelling during the anagen—catagen transition of the human hair follicle

23 citations , July 1997 in “British Journal of Dermatology”

The inner root sheath is vital for hair follicle stability during growth changes.

research Immunomodulators in the treatment of cutaneous lymphoma

11 citations , September 1999 in “Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology”

Immunomodulatory therapies are effective for treating cutaneous lymphoma, particularly in early stages.

research The expression of equine keratins K42 and K124 is restricted to the hoof epidermal lamellae of Equus caballus

9 citations , September 2019 in “PLoS ONE”

K42 and K124 keratins are only found in horse hoof lamellae.

research Biochemical examination of fetal skin biopsy specimens obtained by fetoscopy: Use of the method for analysis of keratins and filaggrin

7 citations , January 1986 in “Prenatal Diagnosis”

Fetal skin biopsy can help diagnose protein-related disorders before birth.

research A cross‐sectional analysis of medications used by patients reporting alopecia areata on the FDA adverse events reporting system

6 citations , January 2024 in “International Journal of Dermatology”

Monoclonal antibodies are often linked to alopecia areata cases.

research Drug-induced alopecia areata: A systematic review

3 citations , May 2023 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology”

Certain drugs can cause hair loss, but stopping the drug usually leads to hair regrowth.