99 citations
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June 1999 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Testosterone replacement may help some postmenopausal women with symptoms like fatigue and low libido, but more research is needed to fully understand its effects.
21 citations
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December 2015 in “Development Growth & Differentiation” DHT is crucial for urethral formation, and its disruption can affect masculinization and lead to hypospadias.
8 citations
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March 2022 in “International Journal of Endocrinology” Combining spironolactone with metformin reduces insulin resistance in PCOS better than either drug alone.
10 citations
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August 1990 in “Journal of Steroid Biochemistry” High doses of cyclosporine A increase testosterone conversion, possibly boosting hair growth.
2 citations
,
April 2024 in “International Journal of Reproduction Contraception Obstetrics and Gynecology” Women with PCOS have more frequent menstrual pain, but the pain's intensity is similar to those without PCOS.
69 citations
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October 2013 in “Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology” Naltrexone did not significantly reduce hair pulling but improved cognitive flexibility.
October 2004 in “Australian Prescriber” Lifestyle changes are more effective than metformin for reducing type 2 diabetes risk.
15 citations
,
October 2012 in “International Urology and Nephrology” Low-dose finasteride may cause fertility issues, but stopping it can improve sperm quality and lead to pregnancy.
May 2025 in “Anatolian journal of obstetrics and gynecology research.” Androgens affect many aspects of female health, and more research is needed to understand their roles and treatment potential.
51 citations
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August 2012 in “Differentiation” Mouse genital development depends on male or female hormones for specific features.
24 citations
,
July 1980 in “Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health” High doses of norethindrone acetate in rats caused various organ changes but didn't significantly increase tumor rates.
3 citations
,
January 2021 in “touchREVIEWS in Endocrinology” Surgery removed an ovarian tumor, improving her symptoms and normalizing testosterone levels.
July 2024 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Most women continued using oral minoxidil for hair loss despite mild to moderate side effects.
Letrozole combined with Cabergoline improves ovulation and pregnancy rates in women with PCOS and high prolactin levels compared to Letrozole alone.
January 2025 in “Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Medicine/Revista Brasileira de Medicina Veterinária” Deslorelin implant successfully regrew hair in a female Pomeranian with alopecia X.
May 2025 in “Clinical Endocrinology” Metformin lowers prolactin in men with normal hair but not in those with early hair loss.
4 citations
,
June 2024 in “BMC Women s Health” PCOS increases sexual pain and distress in infertile Iranian women.
July 2007 in “Journal of Reproduction & Infertility” Short-term finasteride use likely doesn't harm male fertility.
3 citations
,
June 2016 in “Gynecological Endocrinology” Doctors used a special blood sampling technique to diagnose a woman's rare ovarian tumor that was producing male hormones.
July 2019 in “International journal of reproduction, contraception, obstetrics and gynecology” Obesity greatly affects polycystic ovarian syndrome, and losing weight should be the first treatment for obese patients to improve their chances of ovulation and pregnancy.
February 2026 in “Cureus” Ciclosporin can cause excessive hair growth even with testosterone blockers.
January 2025 in “Haematology International Journal” These ovarian conditions cause high testosterone levels.
14 citations
,
October 2006 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” A woman with Parkinson's disease experienced hair loss from the Parkinson's medication pramipexole, which improved after stopping the drug.
September 2024 in “Medicine theory and practice” A young girl's hyperandrogenism was caused by an adrenocortical adenoma, diagnosed and treated through detailed evaluations.
September 2025 in “International Journal of Women’s Dermatology” Oral spironolactone effectively promotes hair growth in premenopausal women but may cause irregular menstruation.
January 2024 in “Experimental and clinical endocrinology & diabetes” A low-glycemic diet improved hormone levels and well-being in overweight women with high androgen levels.
1 citations
,
December 2022 in “Biomedicines” Middle-aged women with PCOS often continue to experience symptoms related to high androgen levels, like unwanted hair growth.