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GlossarymTOR inhibitors

block a protein that regulates cell growth and survival

mTOR inhibitors, also known as mTOR blockers or mTOR antagonists, are a class of drugs that inhibit the activity of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), a protein that regulates cell growth, proliferation, and survival. By blocking mTOR, these inhibitors can slow down or stop the growth of cancer cells and are also being explored for their potential in treating other conditions like autoimmune diseases and certain types of hair loss, such as alopecia.

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ATP-Competitive mTOR Kinase Inhibitors Delay Plant Growth by Triggering Early Differentiation of Meristematic Cells Without Developmental Patterning Change

research ATP-competitive mTOR kinase inhibitors delay plant growth by triggering early differentiation of meristematic cells but no developmental patterning change

161 citations , August 2013 in “Journal of experimental botany”

Certain inhibitors slow down plant growth by causing early cell specialization without changing the cell development pattern.

Knockout of mTOR/Akt Inhibitor REDD1 Results in Hair Cycle-Independent Dermal Adipose Expansion by Promoting Adipocyte Differentiation

research 976 Knockout of mTOR/Akt inhibitor REDD1 results in hair cycle-independent dermal adipose expansion by promoting adipocyte differentiation

April 2019 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

Removing REDD1 in mice increases skin fat by making fat cells larger and more numerous.

Stimulation by Exosomes from Hypoxia-Preconditioned Hair Follicle Mesenchymal Stem Cells Facilitates Mitophagy by Inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signaling Pathway to Alleviate Ulcerative Colitis

research Stimulation by exosomes from hypoxia-preconditioned hair follicle mesenchymal stem cells facilitates mitophagy by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway to alleviate ulcerative colitis

January 2024 in “Theranostics”

Exosomes from special stem cells help treat ulcerative colitis by reducing inflammation and stress.

research Molecular Genetics of the PI3K-AKT-mTOR Pathway in Genodermatoses: Diagnostic Implications and Treatment Opportunities

36 citations , January 2016 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

The document concludes that understanding genetic mutations in the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway can lead to better diagnosis and treatment for certain genetic skin disorders.

research mTOR signaling in hair follicle and hair diseases: recent progress

September 2023 in “Frontiers in medicine”

The mTOR signaling pathway is crucial for hair health and targeting it may lead to new hair loss treatments.

research 896 Androgens activate lipogenesis through an AKT-independent mTOR pathway stimulation and a limitation of autophagy in an androgen-sensitive sebocyte cell line

April 2019 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) increases oil production in skin cells by activating mTOR, and mTOR inhibitors can reduce this effect.

Valproic Acid Boosts Hair Follicle Stem Cell Resilience to Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation Through Autophagy Induction and AKT/mTOR Suppression

research Valproic acid boosts hair follicle stem cell resilience to oxygen-glucose deprivation through autophagy induction and AKT/mTOR suppression

December 2025 in “Scientific Reports”

Valproic acid helps hair follicle stem cells survive better in low oxygen and glucose conditions.

research High doses of cobalt inhibited hair follicle development in Rex Rabbits

1 citations , December 2019 in “World rabbit science”

High doses of cobalt stopped hair growth in rabbits.

research 686 Topical melatonin unfolds differential anti-aging effects in human skin by inhibiting mTORC1 activity via TSC2 stimulation

July 2024 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

Topical melatonin may reduce skin aging by inhibiting certain cellular pathways.

research Functionally enhanced placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells inhibit adipogenesis in orbital fibroblasts with Graves’ ophthalmopathy

20 citations , November 2020 in “Stem Cell Research & Therapy”

Enhanced stem cells from the placenta can help treat Graves' eye disease by stopping fat cell growth.

Functionally Enhanced Placenta-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Inhibit Adipogenesis in Orbital Fibroblasts With Graves’ Ophthalmopathy

research Functionally enhanced placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells inhibit adipogenesis in orbital fibroblasts with Graves’ ophthalmopathy

June 2020

Enhanced stem cells from the placenta can reduce fat cell formation in eye disease.

research Functionally enhanced placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells inhibit adipogenesis in orbital fibroblasts with Graves’ ophthalmopathy

September 2020 in “Research Square (Research Square)”

Enhanced stem cells from the placenta can reduce fat buildup in eye tissue for Graves' disease.

research Functionally enhanced placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells inhibit adipogenesis in orbital fibroblasts with Graves’ ophthalmopathy

August 2020 in “Research Square (Research Square)”

Enhanced stem cells can reduce fat buildup in eye tissue for Graves' disease.

research Toxic Side Effects of Targeted Therapies and Immunotherapies Affecting the Skin, Oral Mucosa, Hair, and Nails

179 citations , October 2018 in “American Journal of Clinical Dermatology”

Cancer treatments targeting specific cells and the immune system can cause skin, mouth, hair, and nail problems, affecting patients' quality of life and treatment adherence.

research The Role of the Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) in Pulmonary Fibrosis

177 citations , March 2018 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences”

mTOR inhibitors may help treat lung fibrosis.

research Advances in the Management of Cutaneous Toxicities of Targeted Therapies

42 citations , April 2012 in “Seminars in Oncology”

Targeted cancer therapies often cause skin problems that need careful management to improve patient quality of life and treatment success.

research Birt–Hogg–Dubé syndrome: from gene discovery to molecularly targeted therapies

39 citations , October 2012 in “Familial cancer”

New therapies for Birt–Hogg–Dubé syndrome are being developed based on understanding the FLCN gene's role.

research Disruption of tubular Flcn expression as a mouse model for renal tumor induction

29 citations , June 2015 in “Kidney International”

Disrupting the Flcn gene in mice causes early kidney cysts and tumors, which can be treated with rapamycin.

research Premature aging syndromes: From patients to mechanism

29 citations , October 2019 in “Journal of dermatological science”

Studying premature aging syndromes helps understand human aging and suggests potential treatments.

research PKC downregulation upon rapamycin treatment attenuates mitochondrial disease

26 citations , December 2020 in “Nature metabolism”

Rapamycin treatment helps with mitochondrial disease by reducing PKC levels.

research Patients with bullous skin disease in a high‐epidemic COVID‐19 area, Bergamo, Italy

17 citations , June 2020 in “British Journal of Dermatology”

Oral mTOR inhibitors often cause skin and hair side effects but usually don't require stopping treatment.

research Cutaneous Toxicities From Transplantation-Related Medications

14 citations , April 2017 in “American Journal of Transplantation”

Skin problems from transplant drugs are common and need careful management in organ transplant patients.

Fibrous Papule of the Face, Similar to Tuberous Sclerosis Complex-Associated Angiofibroma, Shows Activation of the Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Pathway: Evidence for a Novel Therapeutic Strategy?

research Fibrous Papule of the Face, Similar to Tuberous Sclerosis Complex-Associated Angiofibroma, Shows Activation of the Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Pathway: Evidence for a Novel Therapeutic Strategy?

12 citations , February 2014 in “PLoS ONE”

Topical rapamycin may effectively treat fibrous papules on the face.

research Pathological Mechanisms Involved in Epidermolysis Bullosa Simplex: Current Knowledge and Therapeutic Perspectives

9 citations , August 2024 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences”

Promising treatments for EBS include anti-inflammatory drugs, antibiotics, creams, mTOR inhibitors, and gene editing, but more trials are needed.

research Protein kinase C is a key target for attenuation of Leigh syndrome by rapamycin

5 citations , February 2019 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)”

Rapamycin may help treat Leigh syndrome by targeting protein kinase C.

research Dermatologic Care of the Transplant Patient

2 citations , September 2010 in “Journal of the Dermatology Nurses’ Association”

Transplant patients on immunosuppressive medications have a higher risk of skin cancer, and managing this involves balancing medication with cancer risk.

research Editors' Picks

October 2013 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

Collagen VII helps skin heal and stay strong, sirolimus may lower skin cancer risk in kidney transplant patients, high-molecular-mass hyaluronan helps naked mole rats resist cancer, dermal γδ T cells aid in hair growth in rodents, and overexpression of IL-33 in mouse skin causes itchiness, offering a model for studying allergic inflammation treatments.

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Related Terms

Research

research ATP-competitive mTOR kinase inhibitors delay plant growth by triggering early differentiation of meristematic cells but no developmental patterning change

research 976 Knockout of mTOR/Akt inhibitor REDD1 results in hair cycle-independent dermal adipose expansion by promoting adipocyte differentiation

research Stimulation by exosomes from hypoxia-preconditioned hair follicle mesenchymal stem cells facilitates mitophagy by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway to alleviate ulcerative colitis

research Molecular Genetics of the PI3K-AKT-mTOR Pathway in Genodermatoses: Diagnostic Implications and Treatment Opportunities

research mTOR signaling in hair follicle and hair diseases: recent progress

research 896 Androgens activate lipogenesis through an AKT-independent mTOR pathway stimulation and a limitation of autophagy in an androgen-sensitive sebocyte cell line

research Valproic acid boosts hair follicle stem cell resilience to oxygen-glucose deprivation through autophagy induction and AKT/mTOR suppression

research High doses of cobalt inhibited hair follicle development in Rex Rabbits

research 686 Topical melatonin unfolds differential anti-aging effects in human skin by inhibiting mTORC1 activity via TSC2 stimulation

research Functionally enhanced placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells inhibit adipogenesis in orbital fibroblasts with Graves’ ophthalmopathy

research Functionally enhanced placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells inhibit adipogenesis in orbital fibroblasts with Graves’ ophthalmopathy

research Functionally enhanced placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells inhibit adipogenesis in orbital fibroblasts with Graves’ ophthalmopathy

research Functionally enhanced placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells inhibit adipogenesis in orbital fibroblasts with Graves’ ophthalmopathy

research Toxic Side Effects of Targeted Therapies and Immunotherapies Affecting the Skin, Oral Mucosa, Hair, and Nails

research The Role of the Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) in Pulmonary Fibrosis

research Advances in the Management of Cutaneous Toxicities of Targeted Therapies

research Birt–Hogg–Dubé syndrome: from gene discovery to molecularly targeted therapies

research Disruption of tubular Flcn expression as a mouse model for renal tumor induction

research Premature aging syndromes: From patients to mechanism

research PKC downregulation upon rapamycin treatment attenuates mitochondrial disease

research Patients with bullous skin disease in a high‐epidemic COVID‐19 area, Bergamo, Italy

research Cutaneous Toxicities From Transplantation-Related Medications

research Fibrous Papule of the Face, Similar to Tuberous Sclerosis Complex-Associated Angiofibroma, Shows Activation of the Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Pathway: Evidence for a Novel Therapeutic Strategy?

research Pathological Mechanisms Involved in Epidermolysis Bullosa Simplex: Current Knowledge and Therapeutic Perspectives

research Protein kinase C is a key target for attenuation of Leigh syndrome by rapamycin

research Dermatologic Care of the Transplant Patient

research Editors' Picks

research Pathogenesis and management of TRPV3-related Olmsted syndrome

research CAQ Corner: Basic concepts of transplant immunology

research Calcineurin/Nuclear Factor of Activated T-Cell Pathway in Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma