May 2021 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” The 18-year-old girl likely has a condition called müllerian agenesis, which caused her to not have a uterus and experience no menstrual periods.
November 2025 in “Frontiers in Endocrinology” Women with prediabetes may have a higher risk of PCOS-like changes, especially if they have impaired glucose tolerance.
July 2021 in “Advances in laboratory medicine” Diagnosing sex development disorders requires combining medical history, physical exams, imaging, lab tests, and genetic data.
November 2014 in “Elsevier eBooks” Gene mutations can cause problems in male genital development.
78 citations
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November 2008 in “Fertility and Sterility” Amenorrhea is relatively rare and initial testing should check FSH, TSH, and prolactin levels.
38 citations
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October 2006 in “Fertility and Sterility” The document concludes that identifying the cause of amenorrhea is crucial for proper treatment.
30 citations
,
July 2004 in “Fertility and Sterility” Amenorrhea is when a woman doesn't have periods, with primary amenorrhea starting by age 15 or within five years of breast development, and secondary amenorrhea when periods stop for three months. It affects 3-4% of women not pregnant, breastfeeding, or in menopause, mainly due to polycystic ovary syndrome, hypothalamic amenorrhea, hyperprolactinemia, and ovarian failure.
21 citations
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September 2004 in “Fertility and Sterility” Amenorrhea, or the absence of periods, should be evaluated by age 15 or within five years of early breast development, and is most commonly caused by conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome and hypothalamic amenorrhea.
November 2016 in “Elsevier eBooks” Genetic mutations can affect female sexual development, requiring personalized medical care.
2 citations
,
August 2020 in “JCRPE” A girl with Denys-Drash syndrome was misdiagnosed due to biotin affecting her hormone test results.
1 citations
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February 2022 in “Online journal of biological sciences” The document does not determine if adults with aphallia are fertile.
86 citations
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May 2013 in “American journal of obstetrics and gynecology” Gynecologists should provide comprehensive care for transgender patients, including mental health evaluation, hormone therapy, and surgical options, while monitoring for side effects and ensuring patient safety.
34 citations
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June 2010 in “Archives of Disease in Childhood” Menstrual disorders are common in adolescents and can be influenced by weight, activity, and health issues, requiring careful evaluation and more research for effective treatment.
January 2025 in “Directory of Open access Books (OAPEN Foundation)” PCOS affects women's hormones and metabolism, but can be managed with lifestyle changes and treatments.
556 citations
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September 2008 in “Genes & Development” Wnt signaling is vital for cell growth, development, and cancer research.
103 citations
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October 2003 in “Birth Defects Research” Both genes and environmental factors like chemicals may contribute to the increase in hypospadias, but the exact causes are still unclear.
54 citations
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April 2010 in “Baillière's best practice and research in clinical endocrinology and metabolism/Baillière's best practice & research. Clinical endocrinology & metabolism” Impaired androgen production in 46,XY DSDs causes ambiguous genitalia and requires long-term care.
45 citations
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April 2018 in “Nature Reviews Urology” Male genital development is driven by androgen signaling and understanding it could help address congenital anomalies.
19 citations
,
January 2013 in “Pediatrics in review” The document says menstruation is important for women's health, discusses menstrual disorders, and suggests personalized treatment options.
18 citations
,
January 2020 in “Journal of Clinical Research in Pediatric Endocrinology” The document concludes that Functional Hypothalamic Amenorrhea should be carefully diagnosed and managed to prevent health complications, using lifestyle changes and specific medications.
13 citations
,
October 2024 in “Scientific Reports” Early diagnosis and personalized treatment for PCOS are crucial, especially for young women in West Bengal, India.
1 citations
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July 2007 in “Regenerative Medicine” Stem cell research and regenerative medicine have made significant advancements in treating various diseases and conditions.
June 2024 in “Research Square (Research Square)” Young women in West Bengal, India, with PCOS often have estrogen resistance, leptin receptor issues, folate deficiency, T2DM, and acanthosis, commonly linked to obesity.
April 2024 in “International Journal of Advanced Multidisciplinary Research and Studies” Early investigation and a team approach are crucial for managing primary amenorrhea effectively.
January 2024 in “Women's health science journal” Hormonal imbalances are a key cause of missed menstrual periods in women.
May 2021 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” A 23-year-old woman's missed periods were caused by a rare genetic disorder treated with hormone patches.
October 2017 in “Springer eBooks” A thorough initial check-up is essential before sperm banking to ensure the best chance of preserving good quality sperm.
November 2013 in “John Wiley & Sons, Ltd eBooks” The document concludes that accurate diagnosis of male and female gonadal disorders is crucial for effective treatment and better patient outcomes.
31 citations
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May 2021 in “Journal of endocrinological investigation” APS-1 in Italy shows diverse AIRE mutations and various autoimmune issues.
9 citations
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November 2014 in “Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism” A 15-year-old girl with rare reproductive disorders received hormone therapy to develop secondary sexual traits, but infertility persisted.