110 citations
,
August 2004 in “British Journal of Dermatology” The ventral matrix is the main source of the nail plate.
60 citations
,
March 2006 in “Journal of Medical Genetics” A mutation in the KRTHB5 gene causes hair and nail issues.
119 citations
,
January 2000 in “British Journal of Dermatology” Different parts of the nail express different keratins, showing unique patterns of differentiation.
22 citations
,
November 2008 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” Cystatin M/E helps in the final stages of hair and nail formation by controlling certain enzymes.
4 citations
,
October 2015 in “JAAD Case Reports” Surgical grafting may fix nail issues caused by valproic acid.
1 citations
,
April 2024 in “The Journal of Dermatology” Untreated epidermolysis bullosa acquisita can cause total hair and nail loss.
1 citations
,
January 2018 in “Journal of clinical & experimental dermatology research” Some nail changes in chilblains can look like lichen planus and may be severe and long-lasting.
July 2025 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Minoxidil may improve nail growth and appearance.
September 2023 in “Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology” Minoxidil, a hair loss treatment, may help nails grow faster.
January 2014 in “Pathology” The document concludes that understanding nail anatomy is key for diagnosing nail diseases, early signs of nail melanoma may allow for less aggressive treatment, and specific genetic mutations are important in thyroid cancer prognosis and treatment.
58 citations
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November 2004 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” The Foxn1 gene is essential for normal nail and hair development.
22 citations
,
October 2007 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Stem cells in mouse nails are found in the nail matrix and may control nail growth.
13 citations
,
September 1989 in “International Journal of Dermatology” Carbamazepine may cause reversible nail detachment.
11 citations
,
November 2005 in “The Journal of Dermatology” A man's crushed thumb caused unusual horizontal nail ridges on all fingers of one hand.
3 citations
,
November 2022 in “Frontiers in Medicine” Onychopapilloma likely originates from the nail bed, not the nail matrix.
March 2014 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” Reflectance confocal microscopy can noninvasively diagnose onychomatricoma by showing unique features different from healthy nails or nail fungus.
November 2022 in “Indian Journal of Dermatology/Indian journal of dermatology” Valproic acid can cause dark lines on nails.
175 citations
,
December 1980 in “Archives of Dermatology” Trichothiodystrophy is a condition with brittle hair and various physical and mental issues due to low sulfur in proteins.
2 citations
,
January 2004 in “Sen i Gakkaishi” Human hair and nail proteins are unlikely to cause allergic reactions.
October 2025 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Hormone Replacement Therapy improves skin health in postmenopausal women by boosting collagen and hydration.
Patients with graft-versus-host disease often have nail changes related to the nail matrix, with severity not linked to skin condition.
The nail immune system is similar to hair but different from skin, with fewer immune markers.
13 citations
,
June 2010 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” A man with Cronkhite-Canada syndrome had all 20 nails detach but improved with treatment.
39 citations
,
February 2011 in “American Journal of Dermatopathology” Onychomatricoma is a unique nail tumor that mimics the entire nail unit and is not related to other hair-related tumors.
14 citations
,
October 2002 in “Journal of cutaneous pathology” MAP-2 is crucial for the structure of hair follicles and nails.
11 citations
,
October 1980 in “Archives of Dermatology” Beau's lines and hair loss in a patient were linked to severe stress on the body.
19 citations
,
April 1999 in “British Journal of Dermatology” Keratin 2e shows a unique pattern in developing fetal skin, different from other keratins.
January 2006 in “Elsevier eBooks” Most vertebrates can regenerate skin, nails, and corneas, but only some can regenerate teeth and lenses.
May 2015 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” The treatments for fungal nail infection, hair loss in men, benign nail tumor, and chemotherapy-associated nail bed inflammation are effective and safe.
Onychomatricoma is a unique nail tumor, not related to other hair-related tumors.