60 citations
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March 2006 in “Journal of Medical Genetics” A mutation in the KRTHB5 gene causes hair and nail issues.
119 citations
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January 2000 in “British Journal of Dermatology” Different parts of the nail express different keratins, showing unique patterns of differentiation.
42 citations
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June 1998 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” PAI-2 helps in the maturation and protection of hair and nail cells.
22 citations
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November 2008 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” Cystatin M/E helps in the final stages of hair and nail formation by controlling certain enzymes.
16 citations
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August 1992 in “Archives of dermatological research” Lab-grown nail cells show characteristics similar to natural nail and hair.
1 citations
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April 2024 in “The Journal of Dermatology” Untreated epidermolysis bullosa acquisita can cause total hair and nail loss.
1 citations
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January 2018 in “Journal of clinical & experimental dermatology research” Some nail changes in chilblains can look like lichen planus and may be severe and long-lasting.
July 2025 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Minoxidil may improve nail growth and appearance.
124 citations
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December 1988 in “Differentiation” Trichocytic differentiation starts in cells with epithelial cytokeratins, transitioning to trichocytic cytokeratins in hair and gradually in nails.
58 citations
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November 2004 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” The Foxn1 gene is essential for normal nail and hair development.
22 citations
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October 2007 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Stem cells in mouse nails are found in the nail matrix and may control nail growth.
13 citations
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September 1989 in “International Journal of Dermatology” Carbamazepine may cause reversible nail detachment.
11 citations
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November 2005 in “The Journal of Dermatology” A man's crushed thumb caused unusual horizontal nail ridges on all fingers of one hand.
8 citations
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January 2023 in “International journal of molecular sciences” Transglutaminase activity is important for skin and is found in both mammals and birds.
November 2022 in “Indian Journal of Dermatology/Indian journal of dermatology” Valproic acid can cause dark lines on nails.
175 citations
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December 1980 in “Archives of Dermatology” Trichothiodystrophy is a condition with brittle hair and various physical and mental issues due to low sulfur in proteins.
2 citations
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January 2004 in “Sen i Gakkaishi” Human hair and nail proteins are unlikely to cause allergic reactions.
October 2025 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Hormone Replacement Therapy improves skin health in postmenopausal women by boosting collagen and hydration.
The nail immune system is similar to hair but different from skin, with fewer immune markers.
60 citations
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December 2003 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” K6hf is found in specific parts of hair follicles, nails, and tongue, and is linked to hair growth and structure.
13 citations
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June 2010 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” A man with Cronkhite-Canada syndrome had all 20 nails detach but improved with treatment.
88 citations
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June 2000 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Keratin 17 is important for hair and nail structure and affects pachyonychia congenita symptoms.
11 citations
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October 1980 in “Archives of Dermatology” Beau's lines and hair loss in a patient were linked to severe stress on the body.
19 citations
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April 1999 in “British Journal of Dermatology” Keratin 2e shows a unique pattern in developing fetal skin, different from other keratins.
January 2006 in “Elsevier eBooks” Most vertebrates can regenerate skin, nails, and corneas, but only some can regenerate teeth and lenses.
May 2015 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” The treatments for fungal nail infection, hair loss in men, benign nail tumor, and chemotherapy-associated nail bed inflammation are effective and safe.
Onychomatricoma is a unique nail tumor, not related to other hair-related tumors.
May 2019 in “Australasian Journal of Dermatology” The document discusses hair and nail conditions, updates on treatments for alopecia, and controversies around finasteride use.
December 2023 in “Royal Society of Chemistry eBooks” Nails are a useful alternative to hair for analyzing long-term substance exposure.
42 citations
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December 2019 in “Steroids” Body hair isn't a good substitute for scalp hair in steroid analysis.