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October 2018 in “Endocrine Reviews” Hormone treatments for transgender individuals generally improve mental health and physical transition, with some health risks that require medical supervision.
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June 2007 in “European Journal of Cell Biology” Hair follicle stem cells are key for hair and skin regeneration, can be reprogrammed, and have potential therapeutic uses, but also carry a risk of cancer.
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January 2014 in “Seminars in cell & developmental biology” Early development of hair, teeth, and glands involves specific signaling pathways and cellular interactions.
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May 2016 in “Nature communications” Memory T cells in the skin balance staying put and moving into the blood, clustering around hair follicles, and increasing in number after infection.
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December 2007 in “Gender Medicine” Male and female skin differ due to hormones, affecting conditions like hair loss, acne, and skin cancer, and suggesting a need for gender-specific treatments.
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July 2017 in “PLoS Biology” Hair follicle patterns form through a mix of self-organization and signaling interactions.
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July 2014 in “Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine” The dermal papilla is crucial for hair growth and health, and understanding it could lead to new hair loss treatments.
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June 2002 in “Veterinary record/The veterinary record” Trilostane effectively improved symptoms in dogs with a certain adrenal gland disorder.
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December 2015 in “Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy” Exosomes could potentially enhance tissue repair and regeneration with lower rejection risk and easier production than live cell therapies.
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January 2019 in “American journal of clinical dermatology” Antibiotics can reduce acne but may lead to resistant bacteria, and understanding the skin's bacteria is important for treatment.
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November 1998 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” Skin grafts on mice can cause an immune response leading to hair loss, useful for studying human hair loss conditions.
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January 2013 in “PLOS ONE” Probiotic bacteria improved skin and hair health in aged mice.
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August 2020 in “Frontiers in Immunology” Men generally have more severe COVID-19 cases and higher death rates than women due to biological differences.
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May 2011 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” Activating TRPV3 stops human hair growth.
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March 2011 in “PLoS Biology” Birds can lose neck feathers due to a genetic change that increases a gene's activity, helping them adapt to heat.
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December 2022 in “Pneumologie” The guideline offers current advice for diagnosing and treating Long- and Post-COVID symptoms.
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July 2018 in “Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Cell Research” Mice studies show that Protein Phosphatase 2A is crucial for cell growth, development, and disease prevention.
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August 2011 in “Toxicological sciences” TCDD speeds up skin barrier formation by increasing certain gene expressions.
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March 2010 in “Infectious Disease Clinics of North America” The document concludes that rapid identification, isolation, and strict infection control are crucial to manage SARS outbreaks.
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March 2016 in “Autoimmunity reviews” Animal models have helped understand hair loss from alopecia areata and find new treatments.
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June 2014 in “American Journal of Men's Health” Finasteride can cause lasting sexual, emotional, and cognitive issues, with varying severity.
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June 2010 in “Journal of Dermatological Treatment” The document concludes that minoxidil and finasteride are proven for hair growth, herbal remedies show promise, but more research is needed to confirm their effectiveness.
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August 2025 in “Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy” Extracellular vesicles show promise for treating diseases but face challenges in development and regulation.
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June 2015 in “Nature Reviews Urology” Some common medications can harm male fertility, but many effects can be reversed.
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August 2014 in “The journal of allergy and clinical immunology/Journal of allergy and clinical immunology/The journal of allergy and clinical immunology” A deficiency in the TTC7A gene causes immune problems, gut issues, and hair loss.
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June 2015 in “The Journal of Dermatology” People with alopecia areata have more Th17 cells and fewer Treg cells, which may be key to the condition's development.
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September 2015 in “Expert Review of Clinical Immunology” Lymphocytes, especially CD8+ T cells, play a key role in causing alopecia areata, and targeting them may lead to new treatments.
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September 2008 in “Experimental dermatology” Both mouse and rat models are effective for testing alopecia areata treatments.