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GlossaryNatural Killer Cells

cells that destroy virus-infected or cancerous cells

Natural Killer Cells, often abbreviated as NK cells, are a type of white blood cell that plays a crucial role in the body's immune system. They are part of the innate immune response and are responsible for identifying and destroying cells that are infected by viruses or have become cancerous, without the need for prior exposure to these threats.

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A Case of Primary Cutaneous Natural Killer/T-Cell Lymphoma, Nasal Type, with Indolent Clinical Course: Monoclonal Expansion of Epstein-Barr Virus Genome Correlating with Terminal Aggressive Behavior

research A case of primary cutaneous natural killer/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type, with indolent clinical course: monoclonal expansion of Epstein-Barr virus genome correlating with the terminal aggressive behaviour

9 citations , October 2008 in “British Journal of Dermatology”

The growth of the Epstein-Barr virus in the patient's cells was linked to the worsening of her lymphoma.

research 572 Development of immunotherapies targeting TCR-Vβ2 for treatment of cutaneous T cell lymphoma

July 2024 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

Targeting TCR-Vβ2 in cutaneous T cell lymphoma shows promise for safer, more specific treatment.

research Advances in genetic and molecular understanding of Omenn syndrome - implications for the future

2 citations , May 2018 in “Expert opinion on orphan drugs”

Newborn screening and gene therapy are expected to improve outcomes for Omenn syndrome patients.

research Hair follicle immune privilege and its collapse in alopecia areata

134 citations , July 2020 in “Experimental dermatology”

Hair follicles are normally protected from the immune system, but when this protection fails, it can cause hair loss in alopecia areata.

Single-Nucleus and Bulk RNA Sequencing Reveals the Involvement of Natural Killer and CD8+ T Cells in the Progression of Androgenetic Alopecia

research Single-Nucleus and Bulk RNA Sequencing Reveals the Involvement of Natural Killer and CD8+ T Cells in the Progression of Androgenetic Alopecia

May 2025 in “Journal of Inflammation Research”

Natural killer and CD8+ T cells play a key role in hair loss in androgenetic alopecia.

research Changes in Populations of HLA- DR+CD3+ Cells and CD57–CD16+ Cells in Alopecia areata after Corticosteroid Therapy

5 citations , January 1994 in “Dermatology”

Corticosteroid therapy reduces specific immune cells and promotes hair growth in alopecia areata patients.

research Table 1_Integrated single-cell chromatin and transcriptomic analyses of peripheral immune cells in patients with alopecia areata.docx

July 2025 in “Figshare”

Alopecia areata involves immune system changes, especially in severe cases, with potential new treatment targets identified.

Multi-Modal Skin Atlas Identifies a Multicellular Immune-Stromal Community Associated with Disrupted Cornification and Specific T Cell Expansion in Atopic Dermatitis

research Multi-modal skin atlas identifies a multicellular immune-stromal community associated with disrupted cornification and specific T cell expansion in atopic dermatitis

February 2026 in “Nature Communications”

A specific group of immune and skin cells may cause chronic inflammation in atopic dermatitis.

research Exploring the Drug Repurposing Versatility of Valproic Acid as a Multifunctional Regulator of Innate and Adaptive Immune Cells

47 citations , March 2019 in “Journal of immunology research”

Valproic Acid could potentially be used to treat immune-related conditions due to its ability to modify immune cell functions.

research Natural killer cells in atopic and autoimmune diseases of the skin

91 citations , January 2010 in “Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology”

NK cells play a role in skin diseases like eczema and psoriasis.

research Frontiers in alopecia areata pathobiology research

55 citations , October 2019 in “The journal of allergy and clinical immunology/Journal of allergy and clinical immunology/The journal of allergy and clinical immunology”

The review suggests that other immune cells besides CD8+ T cells may contribute to alopecia areata and that targeting regulatory cell defects could improve treatment.

research Identification of Distinct Immune Signatures and Chemokine Networks in Scalp Inflammatory Diseases

June 2023 in “Research Square (Research Square)”

Different immune responses cause hair loss in scalp diseases, with unique patterns in scalp psoriasis possibly protecting against hair loss.

research Maintenance of Hair Follicle Immune Privilege Is Linked to Prevention of NK Cell Attack

253 citations , December 2007 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

Hair follicles prevent NK cell attacks to avoid hair loss.

research Physiological skin oxygen levels: An important criterion for skin cell functionality and therapeutic approaches

5 citations , June 2024 in “Free Radical Biology and Medicine”

Maintaining natural oxygen levels is crucial for healthy skin cells and effective treatments.

research Low-Dose IL-2 for Treating Moderate to Severe Alopecia Areata: A 52-Week Multicenter Prospective Placebo-Controlled Study Assessing its Impact on T Regulatory Cell and NK Cell Populations

22 citations , September 2020 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

The study's results on the effectiveness of low-dose IL-2 for alopecia areata and its impact on immune cells were not provided.

research Genome-wide association study in alopecia areata implicates both innate and adaptive immunity

717 citations , June 2010 in “Nature”

Alopecia areata involves both innate and adaptive immunity, with specific genes linked to the disease.

research [Significance of HLA-DR+ T cells and natural killer (NK) cells in the peripheral blood lymphocytes of alopecia areata (AA)].

2 citations , October 1990 in “PubMed”

Severe alopecia areata involves higher levels of certain immune cells, which can be normalized with betamethasone.

research Editorial: Inflammation, stem cells and wound healing in skin aging

October 2022 in “Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology”

Aging skin is affected by inflammation, reduced stem cell function, and slower wound healing.

research Recurrent implantation failure: A comprehensive summary from etiology to treatment

128 citations , January 2023 in “Frontiers in Endocrinology”

Individualized treatment and support can help most couples with recurrent implantation failure achieve pregnancy.

research The concealed side of caspases: beyond a killer of cells

13 citations , December 2024 in “Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences”

Caspases do more than kill cells; they also help in cell growth and disease, and targeting them could lead to new treatments.

research Predominant expression of interleukin (IL)‐17 in chronic alopecia areata compared to IFN‐γ in pathogenic Th17 cells, tissue‐resident memory T cells and natural killer cells

3 citations , January 2023 in “JEADV Clinical Practice”

IL-17 is more important than IFN-γ in causing severe hair loss in chronic alopecia areata.

research News in brief

June 2010 in “Expert Review of Dermatology”

Scientists found key proteins and genes that affect skin and hair health, and identified potential new treatments for hair loss, skin disorders, and wound healing.

research Alopecia areata: a review of disease pathogenesis

191 citations , May 2018 in “British journal of dermatology/British journal of dermatology, Supplement”

Alopecia areata is likely an autoimmune disease with unclear triggers, involving various immune cells and molecules, and currently has no cure.

Reversal of Alopecia Areata in a Mouse Model of Human Hair Loss by Daily Dietary Administration of a Proprietary Extract of North American Ginseng (Panax Quinquefolius)

research Reversal of alopecia areata in a mouse model of human hair loss by daily dietary administration of a proprietary extract of North American ginseng (Panax Quinquefolius)

January 2015

North American ginseng extract helped regrow hair in balding mice.

research Identification and single-cell analysis of prognostic genes related to mitochondrial and neutrophil extracellular traps in bladder cancer

July 2025 in “Scientific Reports”

Six key genes can predict bladder cancer outcomes and may serve as prognostic biomarkers.

research Role of regeneration in tissue repairing and therapies

6 citations , January 2015 in “Journal of regenerative medicine & tissue engineering”

The review concludes that innovations in regenerative medicine, tissue engineering, and developmental biology are essential for effective tissue repair and organ transplants.