May 2022 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)” The enzyme 5α-reductase is important for proper blood vessel development during the fertility-related transformation of the uterus lining.
211 citations
,
May 2013 in “Journal of Nutrition Health & Aging” MK-0773 safely increased muscle mass but did not improve muscle strength or function in elderly women with sarcopenia.
227 citations
,
January 1998 in “Journal of Endocrinology” Cells from balding scalps have more androgen receptors than cells from non-balding scalps.
16 citations
,
January 2003 in “Nuclear Receptor Signaling” Androgens and SARMs play a role in body mass, frailty, skin health, and hair growth, and are used in treating prostate cancer, acne, and hair loss, with potential for new uses and improved versions in the future.
31 citations
,
January 2017 in “Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology” Low testosterone and 5α-reductase inhibitors can harm men's metabolic and sexual health; testosterone therapy may help, but discussing 5α-RIs' side effects is important.
62 citations
,
August 2018 in “Frontiers in Endocrinology” Androgens are important for normal ovarian function and estrogen production, but may not be the main cause of follicle death.
23 citations
,
August 2005 in “Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy” New treatments for low male hormones improved sexual function and mood but had unclear risks, especially for older men.
1 citations
,
February 2018 in “InTech eBooks” PCOS in lean women is a serious health condition with implications beyond fertility, affecting metabolism and increasing cardiovascular disease risk.
26 citations
,
March 2014 in “Journal of cutaneous medicine and surgery” Topical vitamin D is useful for some skin conditions but not effective for others, and more research is needed.
16 citations
,
September 2016 in “Neuropharmacology” Activating TSPO helps protect the retina from damage caused by high eye pressure in glaucoma.
16 citations
,
July 2015 in “Journal of Molecular Structure” Finasteride crystals are held together by hydrogen bonds and weak interactions, forming synthon pseudopolymorphs.
5 citations
,
January 2017 in “Endocrinology” Genetic defects in testosterone production can cause hormonal and developmental disorders, and more research is needed to understand androgen regulation and develop safer treatments.
19 citations
,
March 1998 in “Endocrinology” Male rats have more somatostatin neurons than females due to testosterone converting to estrogen during early development.
21 citations
,
March 2019 in “Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences” The androgen receptor is a promising target for breast cancer treatment, especially in triple-negative cases, but more research is needed for personalized therapies.
87 citations
,
March 2014 in “Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids” Cholesterol sulfate buildup due to a genetic mutation disrupts the skin barrier, leading to the scaling skin seen in X-linked ichthyosis.
18 citations
,
February 2016 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Advancements in male reproductive medicine are ongoing, but more research and improved treatments are needed in several areas.
1 citations
,
January 2013 in “MedChemComm” PF-05314882 selectively activates androgen receptors without much effect on prostate and may help in prostate cancer treatment and hair loss prevention.
11 citations
,
August 2009 in “Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery” We need better ways to test and understand SARMs to make safer and more effective treatments.
August 2025 in “Zanco Journal of Medical Sciences” Both steroid and vitamin D3 treatments are safe and effective for patchy alopecia areata, with steroids showing slightly better results.
56 citations
,
July 2014 in “PloS one” SARMs may be an effective treatment for a certain type of breast cancer by blocking cancer growth and spread.
19 citations
,
July 2019 in “Journal of Endocrinology” GTx-024 and Danazol affect the uterus like DHT, while GTx-007 has little impact.
August 2023 in “Medicina-lithuania” Abusing steroids can damage your heart, muscles, reproductive system, liver, skin, and brain, and may increase the risk of Alzheimer's disease.
3 citations
,
November 2024 in “Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal” Anabolic-androgenic steroids can harm women's health and their offspring.
31 citations
,
November 2014 in “Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science” A natural steroid in the body may protect against eye damage in glaucoma.
2 citations
,
July 2025 in “Forensic Sciences” Anabolic-androgenic steroids can damage the brain, causing mood and cognitive problems.
March 2008 in “The Knowledge Bank (The Ohio State University)” SARM-induced changes in the androgen receptor are specific to each ligand and affect stability and protein interactions.
306 citations
,
August 2011 in “Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle” Enobosarm significantly increased muscle mass and improved physical function in elderly men and postmenopausal women without serious side effects.
37 citations
,
February 2010 in “Psychoneuroendocrinology” Androgen self-administration might be controlled by membrane receptors, not nuclear ones.
16 citations
,
December 2021 in “Frontiers in Endocrinology” Sex hormones may affect COVID-19 severity, with estrogen possibly reducing risk and testosterone potentially increasing it.
April 2023 in “American Journal of Transplantation” Hormone replacement therapy may lower the risk of severe COVID-19 outcomes in non-immunosuppressed people and male organ transplant recipients.